生态学报2017，Vol.37Issue(7)：2463-2475,13.DOI:10.5846/stxb201511262389
滦河流域景观格局变化对水沙过程的影响
Effects of landscape pattern change on flow and sediment processes in the Luanhe River Basin
摘要
Abstract
The Luanhe River Basin is one of the most important sources of sand for sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.To alleviate the hazards,a sandification control program for areas near Beijing and Tianjin was carried out in June 2000,which could have changed the landscape pattern of this basin.Firstly,the present study used landscape pattern indices to analyze landscape pattern changes from 1980 to 2010.Secondly,the SWAT model was used to reveal how the changes in landscape pattern influenced the surface runoff,water yield,and sediment yield in 1980 and 2010,and to evaluate the effects of the sandification control program.Additionally,the Spearman Correlation was used to analyze the relationship between landscape pattern changes and flow-sediment process changes.Furthermore,the SWAT model was applied to study the spatial and temporal distribution of the water and sediment yield in the basin before the implementation of the program (1976-1999) and after the implementation of the program (2000-2012),respectively,and identify the critical zones of sediment yield that should be controlled at present in the Luanhe River Basin.The results were as follows:(1) compared with the area of landscape types in 1980s,forest and construction land increased obviously in 2010,whereas the other land use types decreased in 2010.Compared with the landscape pattern in 1980,increases of splitting index (SPLIT),Contagion Index (CONTAG),Landscape Shape Index (LSI),and Largcst Patch Index (LPI),and decreases of Shannon' s Diversity Index (SHDI) and Shannon's Evenness Index (SHEI),diversity of landscape patterns and fragmentation,and more regular landscape shapes and imbalanced development of landscape types in 2010 were also observed.(2) Compared with the flow and sediment processes in 1980,annual average surface runoff was significantly reduced in 2010,with a 9 mm decrease,and the decrease in surface runoff accounted for 89.32％ of the whole basin;the annual average water yield increased strongly in 2010,with a 5.44mm increase,and areas of the increase in water yield accounted for 76.71％ of the basin;average annual sediment yield was obviously reduced,with a decrease of 1.59 t/hm2,and 93.89％ of the basin area showed this trend.(3) Variations in landscape indices were correlated with the processes of flow and sediment well.The surface runoff,water yield,and sediment yield were negatively correlated with the area of forest.The water yield was positively correlated with the area of grassland.The surface runoff and sediment yield were positively dependent on the area of agricultural land.Surface runoff,water yield,and sediment yield were positively correlated with SPLIT,LSI,and SHEI.On the contrary,surface runoff,water yield,and sediment yield were negatively correlated with LPI and CONTAG.Additionally,water and sediment yield both positively correlated with SHDI (Shannon's Diversity Index) and PD (Patch Density).(4) Soil erosion in most zones of Luanhe River Basin has been reduced with the implementation of the program.However,a few zones were still experiencing severe soil erosion that should be taken into account.关键词
景观格局/产沙/SWAT模型/时空分布/滦河流域Key words
landscape pattern/sediment yield/SWAT model/temporal-spatial distribution/Luanhe River Basin引用本文复制引用
李莹,黄岁樑..滦河流域景观格局变化对水沙过程的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2463-2475,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(51079068) （51079068）
天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(09ZCGYSF00400) （09ZCGYSF00400）
天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划(15JCYBJC22500) （15JCYBJC22500）
