作物学报2017，Vol.43Issue(5)：631-639,9.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00631
棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制
Key Technologies for Light and Simplified Cultivation of Cotton and Their Eco-physiological Mechanisms
摘要
Abstract
Light and simplified cultivation (LSC) of cotton refers to the use of modern agricultural equipment instead of manual operation, the simplification and minimization of field management and operations, as well as the integration of agricultural ma-chinery and agronomic technologies to reduce production costs and labor intensity during cotton farming and cultivation. The connotation, key technical contents and the related eco-physiological mechanisms of LSC are reviewed in this paper. The achievement of easy and convenient as well as cost-saving and benefit-increasing production of cotton is dependent on the key technologies of LSC, mainly including practices of precision seeding, simplified seedlings nursing and transplanting, igh-efficient fertilization, water-saving irrigation and regulation of fruiting distribution and so on. The mechanism of well-established strong seedlings by individual seeding lies in the hypocotyl differential expression of hook formation genes HLS1 and COP1 as well as hypocotyl elongation genes HY5 and ARF2 during seed germination and emergence. The mechanism of the inhibited growth and development of vegetative branches by close-planting lies in differential expression of genes related to hor-mone synthesis in cotton plants. That of yield stability lies in the adaptive coordination among yield components, biomass, and harvest index under LSC. Optimized and concentrated fruiting in cotton plants can be realized through the establishment of a high photosynthetic efficiency population in terms of the required LAI and its dynamics, rational plant height and the ratio of seed cot-ton to stalks. The absorption of fertilizer N in cotton occurs mainly within 20 days after flowering and is mainly distributed to the reproductive organs with the highest use efficiency when N fertilizer applies at early flowering which provides a theoretical basis for efficient and simplified fertilization of cotton. The mechanism of water use efficiency improvement through partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) lies in the enhanced water absorption in the irrigated root side, which is regulated by the shoot-sourced jasmonic acid transported through the phloem. In order to provide a more powerful theoretical and technical support for LSC of cotton in the future, on the one hand, in-depth study is required to reveal the physiological and ecological mechanisms of LSC; on the other hand, it is necessary to further reform and optimize the cotton cropping systems, to innovate the key cultivation techniques, and to develop the corresponding agricultural equipment with better integration of agronomic technology. Improved LSC technologies will further promote the sustainable development of cotton production in China.关键词
棉花/轻简化栽培/生理生态Key words
Cotton/Light and simplified cultivation/Eco-physiology引用本文复制引用
董合忠,杨国正,李亚兵,田立文,代建龙,孔祥强..棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):631-639,9.基金项目
本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-21),国家自然科学基金项目(31371573, 31271665),山东省重点研发计划项目(2015GNC110001), 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2016B01001-2)和山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B05)资助. This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-18-21), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371573, 31271665), the Specific Key Project for Research and Development of Shandong (2015GNC110001) and Xinjiang (CXGC2016B05), and SAAS Scientific and Technological Innovation Project (CXGC2016B05). （CARS-18-21）
