水土保持学报2017，Vol.31Issue(2)：17-21,5.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.02.004
不同雨型下紫色土区坡耕地产流产沙特征
Characteristics of the Runoff and Sediment Yield of Sloping Farmland in the Purple Soil Area Under Different Rainfall Patterns
摘要
Abstract
Based on the data of individual rainfall,runoff and sediment yield of five runoff plots from 1984 to 2015 in Suining Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station,68 rain processes were classified into four rainfall patterns.The effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and sediment yield of sloping farmland were analyzed for different slopes.Then the results showed that there were highly significant correlations between runoff depths and rainfall intensities of different periods (p＜0.01).With the slope gradient increasing,the period of rainfall intensity for the greatest correlation coefficient became shorter.The amount of sediment was significantly correlated with the average rainfall intensity during each individual rainfall,and the correlation coefficient was maximum.The fitting curve between runoff depth,the amount of sediment,and rainfall intensity was an increasing function of convex and concave shape,of which the fitting interval was between 0.79 and 0.88,and 0.90 and 0.97,respectively.It was indicated that the correlation between sediment yield and rainfall intensity was more affinitive than that between runoff depth and rainfall intensity.With the slope gradient increasing,runoff and soil erosion became greater.At the same slope gradient,the yields of sediment and runoff of rainfall Ⅳ (short duration,heavy rainfall) was the greatest,followed by rainfall Ⅲ (moderate duration,moderate intensity),rainfall Ⅱ (long duration,moderate intensity),and rainfall Ⅰ (long duration,light intensity).Furthermore,the difference between rainfall Ⅳ and rainfall Ⅰ was significant (p＜ 0.05).When the slope gradient was about 15°,the effects of rainfall pattern were the most obvious.Overall,runoff and sediment yield increased with increasing slope gradient.Rainfall Ⅳ was the main pattern of rainfall causing soil erosion.In the future,we should take some measures of soil and water conservation to reduce soil erosion caused by rainfall Ⅳ on sloping farmland.关键词
紫色土/坡度/雨强/雨型/径流深/冲刷量Key words
purple soil/slope gradient/rainfall intensity/rainfall pattern/runoff depth/soil erosion amount分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
马星,郑江坤,王文武,陈鑫,秦伟,单志杰,郎登潇,廖峰..不同雨型下紫色土区坡耕地产流产沙特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):17-21,5.基金项目
水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501045) （201501045）
国家自然科学基金项目(41601028) （41601028）
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2012M511938) （2012M511938）
四川省高校“水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室”建设项目 （）
