水土保持学报2017，Vol.31Issue(2)：240-247,8.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.02.040
有机无机肥配施对冬小麦耗水特性和干物质生产的影响
Effects of Combined Application of N Fertilizer and Manure on Water Consumption Characteristics and Dry Matter Production of Winter Wheat
摘要
Abstract
Water resource deficiency is one of the major problems in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the North China Plain.Irrigation plays an important role in achieving high grain yield and quality.In this study,to determine the effects of different applications of inorganic and organic nitrogen fertilizer on water consumption characteristics,dry matter accumulation and allocation,grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat,a long-term field experiment was conducted using the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Shimai 15 under winter wheat/maize rotation in the North China Plain from 2013 to 2015.The source of organic nitrogen was cow manure,and four fertilization modes were included,i.e.,single application of organic manure (M),mixed application of urea and manure (U+M),single application of urea (U),and no N fertilizer application (CK).The results showed that types of fertilizer and fertilization way obviously influenced water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of winter wheat.Crop water consumption of U+M was higher,reaching 548.46 mm to 556.72 mm and showed no significant difference from that of U in two growing seasons.In all growth stages,the water consumption,water consumption model coefficient of U+M was the highest in the stage of flowering to maturity,the water consumption that allocated to the flowering to maturity accounted for 33.55％ to 42.38％ of the total water consumption.The mixed application of urea and manure increased the consumption of soil water,especially the deep water storage.Soil water storage consumption of U treatment was the highest,but that of U-+-M treatment was distributed more in the grouting phase.Leaching of the U+M treatment was the lowest,which was 66.79％,52.45％ and 37.61％ lower than those of other treatments.U+ M treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation in the two growing seasons,which was 11.9％ and 22.3％ higher than those in the U and M treatments,respectively.The grain dry matter accumulation and grain dry matter distribution ratio in the U + M treatment were significant higher than those in other treatments.The yield of the U+ M,U,and M treatments were increased by 65.96％,49.44％,and 46.59％ compared with the CK,respectively.The grain yield water use efficiency and dry matter water use efficiency in the U+M treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments in the two growing seasons.In conclusion,application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure is a reasonable way of fertilization under winter wheat/maize rotation system in the Huanghuaihai region,it can significantly increase grain yield and dry matter accumulation,improve water consumption characteristics of winter wheat,increase crop water consumption,significantly reduce water leaching loss,increase water supply during the grain filling stage,and increase the water use efficiency of winter wheat.关键词
冬小麦/有机无机肥配施/耗水特性/干物质积累与分配/籽粒产量Key words
winter wheat/combined application of N fertilizers and manure/water consumption characteristics/dry matter accumulation and distribution/grain yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郑凤霞,董树亭,刘鹏,张吉旺,赵斌,王磊..有机无机肥配施对冬小麦耗水特性和干物质生产的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):240-247,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31071358,30871476) （31071358,30871476）
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B06-2) （2013BAD07B06-2）
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02-20) （CARS-02-20）
山东省现代产业技术体系项目(SDAIT02-08) （SDAIT02-08）
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(HY20121203100,HY1203096) （农业）
山东省财政支持农业重大应用技术创新课题项目 （）
