土壤学报2017，Vol.54Issue(2)：444-455,12.DOI:10.11766/trxb201603230053
土壤类型和施氮量对连作春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响
Effect of Soil Type and Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield of Monocropping Spring Maize and Nitrogen Balance in Crop Field
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] Jilin Province is a major maize producing area and a key commodity grain production base of China.In the province,monocroppingof spring maize prevails in various types of soils.However,it is still not so clear how type of the soil affects yield of the crop,nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen residue in the soil and apparent loss of soil nitrogen from the maize monocropping system.Therefore,this study was performed to explore effects of the same nitrogen fertilization strategy in different types of soils under the maize monocropping system in an attempt to provide a certain basis for optimization nitrogen management.[Method] Based on a long-term fertilization experimenton the spring maize monocropping in Jilin Province,multi-factor variance analysis was done of the data of the recent four years of the longterm experiment to determine effect of the soil,in terms of soil type,on N balance in the soil-crop system in Northeast China.During the four years,maize was monocropped in black soil (Argi-Udic Isohumosols) and sandy soil (Udi-Alluvic Primosols) and applied with three rates of N (0 kg hm-2,168 kg hm-2 and 312 kg hm-2,separately) under the same climate condition.Maize yields were monitored and soil samples analyzed for N mineralization rate,N residue and apparent N loss.[Result] Maize grain yield varied with type of the soil and in the range of 6 469 ～ 10 106 kg hm-2 (8 623 kg hm-2 on average) in black soil and in the range of 1 386～ 8 196 kg hm-2 (5 911 kg hm-2) in sandy soil.Furthermore,grain yield stability also differed sharply between the soils.In the four years (2009-2012),variation coefficient of the yield in black soil was 13.4％ and in sandy soil 59.1％.Obviously the crop in black soil was more stable in yield than that in sandy soil.Total N mineralization rate was 328 kg hm-2 in black soil,2.2 times that in sandy soil.As affected by soil texture,the total residue of mineralized N residue in the 0～ 100 cm soil layer after harvest of the crop was in the range of 99 ～ 321 kg hm-2 in black soil,much higher than that (38 kg hm-2 ～ 77 kg hm-2) in sandy soil.Apparent N loss did not varied much between black soil and sandy soil applied with N at a medium rate (168 kg hm-2) and was 320 kg hm-2 and 315 kg hm-2,respectively.However,apparent N loss increased significantly or by 111.9％ and 162.5％,or by 358 kg hm-2 and 512 kg hm-2,respectively in black soil and sandy soil.The apparent N loss in sandy soil reached up to 827 kg hm-2,which was remarkably higher than that in black soil.[Conclusion] Due to differences in soil texture and nutrient supplying capacity,soils of different types would differ significantly in maize grain yield,N mineralization rate,accumulated N residue and apparent N loss.Therefore,type of a soil should be taken into consideration in optimizing N fertilization management.关键词
玉米连作/土壤类型/产量/氮素矿化/氮平衡Key words
Maize monocropping system/Soil type/Grain yield/Nitrogen mineralization/Nitrogen balance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
冯国忠,王寅,焉莉,米国华,高强..土壤类型和施氮量对连作春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):444-455,12.基金项目
国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02)、农业部948计划项目(2011-G18)和公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201103003)共同资助 Supported by the Technology Program and National Maize Production System in China(No.CARS-02),948 projectof Ministry of Agriculture of China(No.2011-G18) and the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(No.201103003) （CARS-02）
