农业工程学报2017，Vol.33Issue(5)：10-15,6.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.002
水稻精量穴直播机开沟装置的设计与试验
Design and experiment of furrowing device of precision hill-drop drilling machine for rice
摘要
Abstract
In general,manual rice broadcast seeding method has the problems of seedling without the same height,unstable yield,and so on.To solve these problems,the furrowing device of rice precision hill-drop drilling machine was designed and improved,on the basis of the technical idea of "precision hill-drop drilling" and "furrowing and ridging".The precision rice hill-drop drilling technology with synchronous furrowing and ridging was researched to meet the requirements of rice planting in order.It can create a ridge,open the seeding furrow on the ridge and the water furrow between the ridges synchronously,and sow pre-germinated rice seeds in the seeding furrow.The results of the test in Hunan,Shanghai and Guangdong showed that the suitable water content of loam and clay was between 50％ and 58％.According to agronomic requirement of furrowing and ridging,the size of seeding furrow opener (50 mm × 35 mm × 30 ram) and the size of water furrow opener (80 mm × 50 mm × 50 ram) were determined.The furrower must meet the following demands:1) Good forming effect of ridge and furrow;2) The furrows had the same depth,and were formed neatly and straightly and could adapt to different mud surface;3) Furrower would not be wrapped with grass;4) Furrower was not attached with a large quantity of mud;and 5) Simple structure,light weight and light operation resistance.Based on the rice transplanting depth of about 20-40 mm and the width of seed bed,the seeding furrower had a size of 50 mm× 35 mm× 30 mm;according to the experiments,the water furrower had a size of 80 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm.The effects of diffcrent furrow opening methods on seedling-emergence,yield and its component were studied using the compared tests,and the methods included water furrow + seeding furrow + hill-drop drilling (W1),seeding furrow + hill-drop drilling (W2) and hill-drop drilling (W3).Hybrid rice variety (Peizataifeng) and conventional variety (Yuxiangyouzhan) were used as the materials and treated under Wl,W2,and W3.The test was conducted in 2012 and 2013.The results showed that compared with the method without furrow,furrowing and ridging synchronously could not only ensure the seedling to grow orderly and evenly,but also increase the seedling emergence rate (17.8％ for Peizataifeng,16.0％ for Yuxiangyouzhan).Furthermore,the grain-filling percentage (P＜0.01) and effective panicle number (P＜0.05) were significantly correlated to the yield.Analyses of the change degree and tendency of the 3 furrow opening methods were performed,and the result showed that obvious advantages were exhibited under the W1 treatment,which not only increased the yield by up to 8.10％ (compared with W3),but also kept the highest yield while not affected by rice varieties and different years (compared with W2 and W3).Totally,the design of furrow opening device,the suitable mechanical factors and the results of field experiments can be of significance to the extending application.关键词
农业机械/设计/试验/水稻/精量穴播/同步开沟起垄/开沟器Key words
agricultural machinery/design/experiment/rice/precision hill-drop drilling/synchronous furrowing and ridging/opener分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张明华,王在满,罗锡文,杨文武,戴亿政,王宝龙..水稻精量穴直播机开沟装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(5):10-15,6.基金项目
948计划项目(2011-G18(2)) （2011-G18(2）
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203059) （农业）
863计划项目(2012AA10A501-2) （2012AA10A501-2）
