中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(6)：812-820,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.161016
等氮配施有机肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地农田作物产量与养分平衡的影响
Effect of partial replacement of inorganic N with organic manure on crop yield and soil nutrient balance in arable ecosystem in karst peak-cluster depression
摘要
Abstract
Based on a long-term experiment on maize-soybean relay intercropping system in the karst peak-cluster depression in Guangxi, the effects of organic nitrogen (manure) in place of chemical nitrogen (fertilizer) on crop yield and soil nutrient balance were investigated. The experiment was started in 2006, and the data were collected in 2010-2014. Four treatments with four repeti-tions were designed in the study — including CK (no fertilizer), NPK (chemical fertilizer in maize at N 200 kg·hm-2, P2O590 kg·hm-2, K2O 120 kg·hm-2; and in soybean at N 22.5 kg·hm-2, P2O560 kg·hm–2, K2O 67.5 kg·hm-2), C7M3 (the total amounts of N, P and K were same as NPK treatment, in which 70% N was from chemical fertilizer and 30% N from organic cattle manure), and then C4M6 (60% N was from organic cattle manure and 40% N from chemical fertilizer, the amounts of P and K were the same as the treatment NPK). The results showed that: 1) compared with CK, treatments of NPK, C7M3 and C4M6 all increased soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK). Furthermore, SOM content in C4M6 was significantly higher than that in NPK (P < 0.05). The contents of TN, AP and AK increased with increasing organic manure sup-plement. 2) The yields of maize and soybean in the fertilizer treatments were respectively 4.15-4.36 and 2.47-2.58 times higher than that in CK. Crop yield order in fertilizer treatments was C4M6 > NPK > C7M3, but there was no significant difference among treat-ments (P> 0.05). 3) For CK treatment, maize yield decreased by 5.45 g·m-2·a-1, while soybean yield increased by 1.50 g·m-2·a-1 during experimental period. The yields of both maize and soybean increased under long-term fertilization as the experiment went on. 4) In the experiment, K deficit was observed in organic manure treatments and CK during maize growth period, but N deficit ap-peared in all treatments during soybean growth period. In the maize-soybean relay intercropping system, K deficit of 7.9 kg·hm-2·a-1 was observed only in C4M6. P surplus was observed for all fertilizer treatments with surplus amounts of 81.2 kg(P)·hm-2, 83.4 kg(P)·hm-2 and 74.8 kg(P)·hm-2 in NPK, C7M3 and C4M6 treatments, respectively. In summary, based on the characteristics of nutrient balance and crop yield, that partial replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by cattle manure was reasonable. We recommend that farmers should "reduce N, maintain P and increase K" during maize growth period, but should "maintain N and reduce P and K" in soybean growth period in maize-soybean agricultural ecosystem in karst peak-cluster depression areas.关键词
喀斯特峰丛洼地/玉米/大豆套作/有机肥代替化肥/作物产量/养分平衡Key words
Karst peak-cluster depression/Maize-soybean relay intercropping/Replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic manure/Crop yield/Nutrient balance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
傅伟,刘坤平,陈洪松,陈香碧,林海飞,张伟,王克林..等氮配施有机肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地农田作物产量与养分平衡的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(6):812-820,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFC0502406,2016YFD0200106-5)、中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)项目(KFJ-EW-STS-092)、国家生态系统观测研究网络运行服务项目"环江站观测研究及数据信息系统建设Ⅱ"资助 This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFC0502406, 2016YFD0200106-5), the Sci-ence and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-EW-STS-092) and the Service Sharing of Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network "Observation, Research and Construction of Data Information System in HuanjiangⅡ". （2016YFC0502406,2016YFD0200106-5）
