中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(6)：821-828,8.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.161009
水氮调控对小油菜养分吸收、水氮利用效率及产量的影响
Regulation effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on nutrient absorption, water/nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rape
摘要
Abstract
Excessive fertilizer and irrigation are often used in greenhouse cultivation in order to ensure adequate and profitable yield of vegetables. This has led to the pollution of agricultural environment that in turn hindered sustainable agricultural development. Reasonable application of irrigation and nitrogen is vital for enhancing nutrient use efficiency and controlling non-point source pollu-tion.Using a stable isotope of15N-traced urea, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different irrigation and ni-trogen applications on nutrient absorption, water/nitrogen utilization and yield of rape. The study included three irrigation levels [W1, 60%θf (field capacity); W2, 75%θf; and W3, 90%θf] and four nitrogen rates (N0, 0 g·kg-1; N1, 0.1 g·kg-1; N2, 0.2 g·kg-1; and N3, 0.3 g·kg-1). The contents and absorptions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by different parts of rape plant were determined along with water and nitrogen use efficiencies.The results suggested thatboth irrigation level and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on contents of N, P, K in the leaves and roots of rape plants. Besides, leaf P content was significantly affected by the interaction of irrigation and nitrogen. The contents of N and K in the leaves were much higher than those in the roots. While the content of P in the whole rape plant and N in the roots increased, the content of K in the whole plant and N in the leaf decreased with increasing irrigation. N application increased plant N and K contents, but reduced P content. There were significant effects of irrigation level and nitrogen rate on N, P and K uptake and the interaction effects were also prominent for P and K absorp-tion. Medium irrigation level and low nitrogen rate (W2N1) had the highest nutrient uptake. The yield of rape was significantly af-fected by irrigation level and nitrogen rate. Yield increased with increasing irrigation level and a significant parabolic relationship was observed between nitrogen rate and yield. The application rate of nitrogen and the interaction of irrigation and nitrogen had a significant effect on irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Also the response of yield in terms of IWUE increased with increas-ing nitrogen application. Both irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on the utilization of fertilizer15N. Besides, a statistically significant interaction was noted between water and nitrogen in terms of nitrogen recovery rate. Fertilizer15N recov-ery rate increased with increasing irrigation level. The rates of15N residue and15N loss were respectively lowest and highest un-der medium irrigation level. With increasing nitrogen does, fertilizer recovery rate gradually decreased and the loss rate increased. It was concluded that for comprehensive nutrient uptake, yield output, and water and nitrogen utilization, W3N1 and W2N1 treat-ments were the best.关键词
小油菜/水氮调控/养分吸收/水分利用效率/氮肥利用率Key words
Rape/Water-nitrogen regulation/Nutrient absorption/Water use efficiency/Nitrogen use efficiency分类
园艺学与植物营养学引用本文复制引用
高娜,张玉龙,刘玉,廖常健,吴汉卿,张玉玲,邹洪涛,虞娜..水氮调控对小油菜养分吸收、水氮利用效率及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(6):821-828,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(41401322)、国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B01-6)和农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室开放基金(2015NYBKFT-01)资助 The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41401322), the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2015BAD23B01-6) and the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation Foundation, Ministry of Agriculture of China (2015NYBKFT-01). （41401322）
