农业工程学报2017，Vol.33Issue(9)：204-210,7.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.09.026
密闭式立体育秧系统水稻育苗基质配方研究
Research on matrix formula of substrate for seedling in rice closed stereo seedling system
摘要
Abstract
Greenhouse seedling is the valuable mode to solve the problem of insufficient accumulated temperature for the rice production to realize the stable and high yield in Heilongjiang Province, China. However, the shortage of soil resources limits the application of seedlings field. Vegetation degradation and costly manpower are unfavorable for the protection of soil resources. Therefore, development of seedlings substrate to replace the soil is an effective way to solve these problems. Closed stereo seedlings of rice is a new way to improve the rice seedling, which may realize the automatic control of the environment to meet the requirement of the growth of seedlings in a relatively enclosed environment including temperature, humidity, light, CO2 concentration and nutrient solution. Natural conditions have little effect on the rice seedling growth in these enclosed environments. This seedling style has advantages of high space utilization, less dosage of field soil and strong adaptability, which helps to cope with frequent extreme weather and cold ground and cover a big area. Seedling substrate of closed stereo rice comes from the agricultural waste materials. It can not only avoid the destruction of farmland and reduce the transportation cost, but also solve the environmental pollution problem caused by the burning of agricultural waste to promote the development of circular agriculture. In this study, corn straw and rice husk were selected as grinding material and blended with perlite and field soil at different volume ratio. Seedling tests were carried out with 3 kinds of single substrate i.e. CK1 (100% field soil), CK2 (100% crushed corn stalks), and CK3 (100% crushed rice husk) and 6 kinds of composite matrix i.e. S1 (80% crushed rice husk + 10% field soil + 10% perlite), S2 (60% crushed rice husk + 20% field soil + 20% perlite), S3 (40%crushed rice husk + 40% field soil + 20% perlite), T1 (80% crushed corn stalks + 10% field soil + 10% perlite), T2 (60%crushed corn stalks + 20% field soil + 20% perlite), and T3 (40% corn stalks + 40% field soil + 20% perlite). The results showed that there were significant differences on bulk density, total porosity, pH value (except S3), organic matter content (except S2), and nutritive element content between CK1 and the other 8 treatments (P<0.05). The later seedling stage showed that compared to the field soil (CK1), the comprehensive quality of seedlings under other 8 matrix treatments was higher. Composite matrix with the addition of the crushed rice husk (S1, S2, S3) and crushed corn straw (T1, T2, T3) had more significant improvement to seedling growth than single matrix (CK1, CK2, CK3). Composite matrix with corn straw (T1, T2, T3) had higher effect than rice hull (S1, S3). Amount of rice husk and corn straw had significant effect on the seedling growth. Each characteristic of the seedling was the optimal when the addition amount of rice husk or corn straw was 60% (S2 and T2), while no significant difference was found for the other 2 treatments (P<0.05). Eventually, T2 treatment with corn straw of 60%, field soil of 20%, and perlite of 20% had the optimal result in terms of seedling agronomic index, biomass index and mechanical properties. Based on the results from the field experiment, rice yield characteristics in the mature period were analyzed in the different light source, substrate and method of raising seedling. The results showed that the light source, substrate and ways of raising seedlings had significant effect on the rice yield. Under the different conditions of substrate and method of raising seedling, the T treatment (with closed stereo, LED (light emitting diode) fluorescent lamp, T2 substrate) had lower average plant height and thousand seed weight compared with the CK treatment, while tiller number had no obvious difference. The other 5 indicators were higher than the CK. Real yield was 5.9% higher than that of CK. The results provide efficient and stable production technical basis for the closed stereo rice seedling system.关键词
基质/物理特性/养分/水稻/密闭式/育秧/粉碎稻壳/粉碎秸秆Key words
substrates/physical properties/nutrients/rice/closed type/seedling/smashed rice husk/smashed straw分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
赵立军,陈海涛,蔡晓华,许春林,李强,王金峰,何堤..密闭式立体育秧系统水稻育苗基质配方研究[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):204-210,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51205056) （51205056）
东北农业大学研究生科技创新基金(yjscx14021) （yjscx14021）
