生态环境学报2017，Vol.26Issue(4)：721-728,8.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2017.04.026
富营养化水体生态修复技术中凤眼莲与磷素的互作机制
Mechanism of Interaction between Eichhornia crassipes and Phosphorus in Ecological-remediation Technology of Eutrophic Water
摘要
Abstract
The aims of the article are to optimize the ecological-remediation technology for eutrophic water utilizing Eichhornia crassipes and to improve the removal capacity of phosphorus (P) by the macrophyte. According to the contribution of phosphorus to eutrophication, it was pointed out in this study that phosphorus was the key factor limiting growth of floating algae. The mechanism of interaction between Eichhornia crassipes and phosphorus was discussed in the article, that was, the physiological character of the macrophyte was affected by phosphorus, and phosphorus, on the other hand, was removed from the water by assimilation of the macrophyte. Our results showed that Eichhornia crassipes accumulated more phosphorus in organs of leaf and stem with increasing available phosphorus concentration in water. Excessive phosphorus in water stimulated the hyperaccumulation of water hyacinth to phosphorus, while scarce of phosphorus in water increased root length and biomass of Eichhornia crassipes and enhanced nutrient acquisition. The ratio of N/P concentrations was 2.5~5, which fell in the range required for maximum biomass yield of the macrophyte. Eichhornia crassipes exhibited excellent capacity for removal of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). During the outbreak of algal blooms, water hyacinth could capture cyanobacteria through dense roots and absorb the phosphorus released by dead cells of algal. The efficiency and effectiveness of phosphorus removal should be comprehensively considered in the practice of engineering. In the situation of high pollution loads, the criterion of effectiveness might be the priority. However, when water reclamation was aimed for drinking water resources, the criterion of efficiency would be the priority. In practice of bioremediation by water hyacinth, project design should follow the order of: (1) final water quality, (2) biological yield, and (3) quality of biomass. The final water quality and nutrient removal are closely linked with nutrient loading level. In the practical application in large lakes and reservoirs, exogenous phosphorus loading should be controlled first, and endogenous phosphorus source should then be reduced gradually. Removal of exogenous phosphorus could be achieved by utilizing Eichhornia crassipes to treat the effluent from sewage work or by cultivating water hyacinth at or near river estuaries with high nutrient loading. Removal of endogenous phosphorus could be achieved by cultivating Eichhornia crassipes at lee site where algae accumulated and died, with released nutrients being absorbed by the macrophyte.关键词
凤眼莲/磷/生态修复/互相作用Key words
Eichhornia crassipes/phosphorus/ecological remediation/interaction分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
张迎颖,严少华,刘海琴,秦红杰,闻学政,张志勇..富营养化水体生态修复技术中凤眼莲与磷素的互作机制[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(4):721-728,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41201533) （41201533）
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07203-003) （2017ZX07203-003）
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(15)1004) （CX(15）
