干旱地区农业研究2016，Vol.34Issue(6)：156-162,7.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.06.24
玉米秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和不同生育期土壤硝态氮累积量的影响
Effects of maize straw return on yield and soil nitrate accumulation in different growth stages of winter wheat
摘要
Abstract
Field experiments were carried out to investigate the combined effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization and maize straw return on winter wheat yield and soil nitrate accumulation at different growth stages of wheat.Split plot design was used in the experiment.The main treatments were straw return (N + S) and straw removal (S),and the subplot treatments were five levels of N fertilizer application (N 0,84,168,252 kg· hm-2 and 336 kg· hm-2).The results showed that,wheat yield was decreased for maize straw retum treatments when N rate was low,while they were increased under high N rate,and increased 9.5％,2.1％ and 7.0％,5.6％ under 252 kg·hm-2 and 336 kg·hm-2,respectively,compared with the maize straw removal treatments.The soil nitrate was mainly accumulated in 0 ～ 40 cm soil layer at tillering stage of wheat,and the accumulation was increased for the straw retum treatments when N rate was higher than 84 kg· hm-2.But at wheat re-greening stage,the soil nitrate accumulation in the 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer was decreased compared with that at the tillering stage for both maize straw return and removal treatments.Meanwhile,straw retum treatments decreased it compared with straw removal treatments.The results of three-year-field experiment at Zhouzhi county indicated that the soil nitrate accumulation in 0 ～ 2 m soil layers at wheat harvest was higher for the straw return treatments and it significantly increased by 43.4％ for the non-nitrogen fertilization treatment compared to no straw returm.The effects of straw return on wheat yield and soil nitrate accumulation were associated with N fertilization rate.Straw return caused available N deficiency for wheat before the N top-dressing at re-greening stage when N rate was low,resulting in lower wheat grain yield.Maize straw return lasting three years increased the soil nitrate accumulation in 0 ～2 m soil layers at wheat harvesting stage,decreasing nitrate leaching.关键词
冬小麦/玉米秸秆还田/氮肥/硝态氮/产量Key words
winter wheat/maize straw return/nitrogen fertilizer/nitrate/grain yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李晓,李亚鑫,张娟霞,黄冬琳,郑险峰,王朝辉..玉米秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和不同生育期土壤硝态氮累积量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(6):156-162,7.基金项目
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-1-31) （CARS-3-1-31）
国家支撑计划项目“西北半干旱区农田土壤养分调控及高效施肥技术研究与示范”(2015BAD23B04) （2015BAD23B04）
公益性行业(农业)科研专项“渭北旱塬冬小麦节水节肥节药技术集成及应用”(201503124-4) （农业）
