农业生物技术学报2017，Vol.25Issue(3)：485-501,17.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2017.03.016
环状RNA的分子特征、作用机制及生物学功能
Molecular Feature, Action Mechanism and Biology Function of Circular RNA
摘要
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a group of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) characterized by the presence of a covalent bond linking 3'and 5'ends produced by backsplicing.It widely spreads and has the features of construct stability,sequence conservative,cell or tissue-specific expression and so on.So far,circRNA has been found exist in different species extensively and already three classes of circRNA have been detected,including exonic circRNA,circular intronic RNA (ciRNA) and exon-intron RNA (ElciRNA).Concerning the biogenesis of these circRNAs,scientists purposed six models in total,among them,three models clarified the formation of exonic circRNA and ElciRNA,and the others explained the generation of ciRNA.As research continues,there were lots of experiments support these models directly or indirectly.Moreover,some papers reported that the biogenesis of circRNA was regulated by splicing factors,such as SR,hnRNP and RBM20 etc.Relative researches showed that circRNA performs its function through various channels.Part of circRNAs act as natural microRNA (miRNA) spong to regulate the expression of them,and ciRNA or ElciRNA interacts with snRNP and recruits RNA Polymerase Ⅱ in the promoter region of the host-gene around where they are derived to regulate gene expression in cis.Besides,some circRNAs could regulate cell cycle or ageing etc.by interacting with protein.Although there was no evidence to show that circRNA can be translated in eukaryotes,some groups have found a number of virus circRNAs and viroid circRNAs could be translated into protein.Notably,circRNA is closely related to the diseases such as cancer (including breastcancer,lung cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma etc.) and cardiopathy,which are known as human healthy killer,it also plays a role in neurodevelopment,immune and other physiological process,indicating its significant value.This paper summarized the formation mechanism and features of circRNA,as well as the recent advance of circRNA in mainly function,relative research methods and the relationship with disease,at the last part of this paper,we discussed the unresolved issues about circRNA,such as which type of spliceosomes participate in back-splicing and how do them assembly and work? How the nucleocytoplasmic export of circRNA is regulated? as well as how circRNA is ultimately degraded.In general,circRNA extend the diversity and complexity of eukaryotic transcriptomes,and we believe that delve into circRNA will enrich the study content of the post-genome era and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for better understanding,diagnosing and treatment of human diseases关键词
环状RNA/分子特征/作用机制/研究方法/生物学功能Key words
Circular RNA/Molecular feature/Action Mechanism/Research method/Biology function分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
周凤燕,杨青,朱熙春,蓝贤勇,陈宏..环状RNA的分子特征、作用机制及生物学功能[J].农业生物技术学报,2017,25(3):485-501,17.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(No.31672400,No.31660642和No.31172184)、国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(No.CARS-38)、陕西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(No.Lan XY,2014-14-QD)和国家级大学生科创项目(No.201610712016) （No.31672400,No.31660642和No.31172184）
