生态学报2017，Vol.37Issue(2)：619-627,9.DOI:10.5846/stxb201506291339
漫湾库区景观破碎化对区域生境质量的影响
Assessment of the influences of landscape fragmentation on regional habitat quality in the Manwan Basin
摘要
Abstract
Dam construction and the subsequent land use change have obvious impacts on regional ecosystems.Not only the landscape pattern,but also the regional habitat quality are affected by these human activities.Taking the Manwan Basin of the Lancang River as a case study,habitat quality changes and key patch distributions of the whole study area and four substudy areas (reservoir head zone,reservoir center zone,reservoir trail zone,and control zone) before and after dam construction were determined based on remote sensing images and GIS techniques,considering multiple factors (elevation,land use,and distance from water) and the dispersal ability of the focused species.The probability of connectivity index (PC) was a proxy for habitat quality in this study.Dispersal distances were set at 100,300,500,700 m and 1000 m to calculate the PC index,which was further used to identify the importance level of habitat patches.The results showed that the degree of habitat fragmentation for macaques increased in the Manwan Basin,while the landscape connectivity between habitat patches and the percentage of key patches decreased after the construction of the Manwan hydropower plant.Regional habitat quality clearly declined,and the change in landscape pattern indicators in the four sub-study areas was similar to that in the total Manwan Basin.The PC index clearly decreased over time by about 55.51％ on average,and there were 317.2 km2 of high-level patches converted to much lower levels from 1974 to 1991,while there were slight declines in the hydropower operation period.Habitat degradation occurred mainly in the south and west regions,especially in the reservoir tail zone,where patch number increased nine-fold while the landscape connectivity decreased by 81.48％.A linearregression analysis indicated that the landscape connectivity index was positively associated with the percentage of landscape area index (R2 =0.9729),but had a negative correlation with the patch number index (R2 =-0.6106);Kendall's tau-b (τb) coefficient indicated that,except for the total edge index (TE),all of the other landscape pattern indicators (number of patches (NP),largest patch index (LPI),percentage of landscape index (PLAND),percentage of like adjacencies (PLADJ),connectance (CONNECT),and Shannon's diversity index (SHDI)) showed a remarkable correlation with landscape connectivity.It can be seen that the more serious the landscape fragmentation was,the more landscape connectivity and habitat quality were reduced.The percent increase in the dominant vegetation cover of habitats,which caused the PLAND to increase,can be an effective measure to restore the habitat quality.In addition,the protection of key patches and the construction of an ecological corridor,which would enhance the landscape connectivity,would contribute to the habitat quality recovery and the maintenance of landscape ecological functions.关键词
漫湾/景观格局/景观连接度/破碎化Key words
Manwan Dam/landscape pattern/landscape connectivity/fragmentation引用本文复制引用
刘世梁,尹艺洁,杨珏婕,安南南,王聪,董世魁..漫湾库区景观破碎化对区域生境质量的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):619-627,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(41571173) （41571173）
国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAK19B06) （2014BAK19B06）
