生态学报2017，Vol.37Issue(2)：628-638,11.DOI:10.5846/stxb201507311616
旅游地生态效率测度的SBM-DEA模型及实证分析
Measurement and empirical analysis of eco-efficiency in tourism destinations based on a Slack-based Measure-Data Envelopment Analysis model
摘要
Abstract
Many tourism destinations are characterized by interactions between people and the environment.Typically,research on the eco-efficiency of tourism destinations is the basis for the formulation and implementation of inclusive,sustainable development policies and measures.Extensive literature is available on the eco-efficiency evaluations of the environmental impact of human material production behavior,such as industry and manufacturing,but studies exploring tourism from the perspective of human consumption behavior are limited.Little systematic research has been conducted to investigate the eco-efficiency theoretical system and the calculation methods involved,with more attention paid to large-and medium-scale regional or urban cases.Small regional-scale cases,especially tourist destinations,are yet to be explored.Based on a time series Slack-based Measure-Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) model,including unexpected output,we built a model to measure the eco-efficiency of tourism destinations and an evaluation index system.We selected the average wage level,new fixed asset investments,energy consumption,water consumption,and catering biological resource consumption as input indicators.Per capita tourism income was selected as the expected output indicator,and the emission indicators of tourism waste,namely,the amount of garbage,sewage,and waste gas emissions,were used to characterize the unexpected output indicators.We chose the Huangshan scenic area as an example and used the input and output data from 1981 to 2014 to measure the eco-efficiency of the tourist destination composite system and analyzed its evolution characteristics and phases.We used a Tobit regression model to empirically test the influencing factors.First,we explored the characteristics and the evolution of the eco-efficiency of the tourism destination;next,we distinguished the key factors that influenced this eco-efficiency and investigated the relationships between tourism eco-efficiency,tourism investment,and output factors.The following results were obtained:(1) In the past 34 years,eco-efficiency (technical efficiency) has grown continually in the Huangshan scenic area,which has a great development potential.Pure technical efficiency is the most influential,followed by scale efficiency,for decomposition.Scale efficiency is a decisive factor for technical efficiency.(2) The evolution of tourism ecological efficiency has four stages:initial inefficient stage,rapid growth stage,mature efficient stage,and downside risk stage.The eco-efficiency characteristics and influencing factors in different stages are different.(3) Tourism eco-efficiency is complete when scale transition returns from an increase to a decrease.Thus,the input redundancy of resources becomes the key factor preventing ecological efficiency from improving further in the present stage.(4) The level of tourism development,industrial structure,and technical level have a significant positive impact on eco-efficiency,but investment levels have a significant negative impact.The environmental regulation that emphasizes the management of waste is not effective in promoting eco-efficiency.This study proposed that the scale of resource inputs should be expanded as far as possible at the beginning of the mountain-type scenic area development.When the destination enters the mature stage,the investment scale should gradually be controlled.This involves improved technology and resource allocation,abandoning the extensive development pattern that results in overdependence on resource consumption and environmental pollution.The study contributes to related research perspectives and methods and promotes the sustainable development of tourism destinations.关键词
旅游生态效率/时间序列SBM-DEA模型/Tobit回归分析/黄山风景区Key words
tourism eco-efficiency/time series of SBM-DEA model/Tobit regression analysis/Huangshan scenic area引用本文复制引用
彭红松,章锦河,韩娅,汤国荣,张瑜..旅游地生态效率测度的SBM-DEA模型及实证分析[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):628-638,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41271161,40971301) （41271161,40971301）
