中国水土保持科学2017，Vol.15Issue(1)：97-104,8.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.01.012
施肥对北京山区农田地表氮磷流失的影响——以密云水库流域为例
Effects of fertilization on nitrogen and phosphorous losses from cropland in Beijing Mountainous Area:A case study on the Miyun Reservoir Watershed
摘要
Abstract
[Background] Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the most common non-point source pollution types,posing a great threat on the water quality of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing.Fertilization is the primary source of agricultural non-point source pollutants.The current study is aimed to analyze the impact of fertilization on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) losses due to agricultural surface runoff and soil erosion.[Methods] Six 5 × 2 m runoff plots were established next to the Miyun Reservoir,on which summer corn was planted.Half of them received no fertilizer and the other half were fertilized according to the local customs,i.e.,applying compound fertilizer (N∶ P2O5∶ K2O =15∶ 15∶15) as the base fertilizer at the day of sawing and topdressing urea after the elongation stage.Runoff samples were collected and analyzed for the determination of different forms of N and P pollutants for seven natural rainfall events during the growing season of summer corn in 2009.[Results] According to the contrast experiment,fertilization,especially topdressing urea,significantly increased the concentration of ammonia-N in surface runoff,but exerted little impact on nitrate-N,total N,and dissolved P or total P.The contents of sediment-bound P were significantly higher in the runoff from the fertilized plots,compared to the ones without fertilization.In contrast,obvious difference in sediment-bound N was only observed in the first runoff event after the application of base fertilizer.It was apparent that N losses with surface runoff and soil erosion was not only influenced by fertilization,but also closely related to the method of fertilizer application.For instance,topdressing urea obviously increased runoff N;whereas,sediment-bound N was typically regulated by the application of base fertilizer.The more losses of N from the fertilized plots,compared to the non-fertilized ones,were mainly originated from their elevated runoff and erosion modulus.Both N and P were mainly transported with sediments.Sediment-bound N accounted for 58.6％ and 53.6％ of total N losses for the fertilized and unfertilized plots,respectively.The contributions of sediment-bound P were even higher,and the corresponding percentages were 97.2％ and 96.5％ for the fertilized and unfertilized plots,respectively.[Conclusions] These findings hold important implications for the agricultural management and non-point source pollution regulation in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed.Both the rate and method of fertilization are critical for the management of croplands there,thereby for the water quality of Miyun Reservoir.Furthermore,it is necessary to adopt appropriate soil and water conservation measures to reduce surface runoff and soil erosion,especially the latter,from the mountainous areas of the watershed.关键词
施肥/农田/地表径流/氮/磷/天然降雨/密云水库Key words
fertilization/cropland/surface runoff/nitrogen/phosphorous/natural rainfall/Miyun Reservoir分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王丽娟,杨扬,郑娟娟,刘瑛娜,郭乾坤,王大安,刘宝元..施肥对北京山区农田地表氮磷流失的影响——以密云水库流域为例[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(1):97-104,8.基金项目
北京师范大学青年教师基金项目“坡面养分流失过程的室内模拟试验研究”(2014NT04) （2014NT04）
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目“地表过程模型与模拟”(41621061) （41621061）
