中国水土保持科学2017，Vol.15Issue(1)：128-133,6.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.01.016
山东省药乡小流域侵蚀性降雨分布特征
Distribution characteristics of erosive rainfall in Yaoxiang Small Watershed of Shandong Province
摘要
Abstract
[Background] In order to study the effect of erosive rainfall on runoff and sediment yield in the mountainous area of North China,we first need to study the distribution characteristics of erosive rainfall.In this paper,the research object is runoff plot of bare land that is typical in Yaoxiang Small Watershed of Shandong Province.[Methods] The characteristics of erosive rainfall were analyzed by mathematical statistics,based on the data of rainfall observed by tipping bucket rain gauge,runoff calculated by plot runoff and sediment yield measured by oven-drying method in the period of 2013-2015.In addition,rainfall erosive force was calculated by I30max.In this paper,erosive rainfall standard was proposed by the method of Wang Wanzhong.Here is the method:1) calculating the total erosion amount of erosive rainfall:the rainfalls of the selected samples are sorted by descending order,and the corresponding amount of soil erosion is accumulated,thus the total erosion amount in n erosive rainfalls is obtained;2) classifying the amounts of rainfalls as several levels,and then calculating the proportion of the accumulated erosion amount over a given rainfall amount to the total erosion amount;3) the standard of erosive rainfall is the amount of rainfall corresponding to the proportion of the accumulated soil erosion amount after the allowable soil erosion is deleted,to total erosion amount.[Results] 1) The reference value of standard erosive rainfall in the study area was 17.3 mm.2) In July,times of erosive rainfall,precipitation,runoff volume,and sediment yield accounted for 42.31％,45.71％,85.78％,and 97.97％ in all erosive rainfalls,respectively,and erosive rainfall occurred little in other months.3) In the class of heavy rain,the rainfall times of high rainfall intensity type accounted for 60％ and sediment yield accounted for 75.0％.While in the class of above rainstorm,the rainfall times of high rainfall intensity type accounted for 100％ and sediment yield accounted for 100％.4) In the class of rainfall erosive force ＞ 1 000 MJ·mm/(h· hm2),sediment yield accounted for 95.26％ in all erosive rainfalls,and the runoff depth was over 3 times of the erosive rainfall ＜ 1 000 MJ· mm/(h·hm2).[Conclusions] Therefore,the standard of erosive rainfall in the study area is 17.3 mm,which is mainly distributed in the moderate and above rainfall grades.The rainfall causing serious soil erosion is high rainfall intensity type or the erosive force of the rainfall is ＞ 1 000 MJ·mm/(h·hm2),and it mainly distributes in July.This research is conducive to study the erosive rainfall in the small watershed,and provides a reference for understanding the erosive rainfall in the northern rocky mountains.关键词
小流域/侵蚀性降雨/侵蚀性降雨标准/降雨强度/降雨侵蚀力Key words
small watershed/erosive rainfall/erosive rainfall standard/rainfall intensity/rainfall erosion force分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张兴刚,王春红,程甜甜,李赛,李亦然,张永涛..山东省药乡小流域侵蚀性降雨分布特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(1):128-133,6.基金项目
全国水土流失动态监测与公告项目药乡小流域水土流失动态监测(水保监201505) （水保监201505）
