海洋科学2017，Vol.41Issue(3)：138-150,13.DOI:10.11759/hykx20160620002
水环境中的信息有机物与"水域生态讯息学"的提出
Informational organic matter in aquatic environments and new concept of "Aquatic Ecoinformatics"
摘要
Abstract
Informational organic matter (or allelochemicals) is trace organic matter that exerts a biochemical in-formational effect (both stimulatory and inhibitory) on the life and growth of organism species or biological taxa and that affect the ecosystem and eco-environment by controlling and regulating biological abundance and commu-nity structure. In the aquatic environment, the informational effects of this organic matter are readily found. Pelagic algae and cyanobacteria may use informational active compounds to outcompete other species, to gain dominance over predecessors, or to influence the type of conspecifics and successors. In marine ecosystems, informational interactions may occur between phytoplankton species or in benthic areas where macroalgae, corals, and a few species of angiosperms are present. Informational interaction between planktonic algae has been described mainly when bloom-forming microalgae have been involved. Informational organic matter in aquatic environments may provide a competitive advantage to angiosperms, algae, or cyanobacteria via their interaction with other primary producers. Most informational organic matter known to date are low-weight molecules of less than 104 Da. Their chemical classifications vary, including alcohol, phenol, terpene, acid, ester, and amide. Aquatic informational or-ganic matter, in particular, must be sufficiently hydrophilic to reach their target organisms in effective concentra-tions despite considerable dilution. Informational organic matter exists in the natural environment. Some are pro-duced by the metabolism of organisms. Others are generated by human activity. Aquatic informational organic mat-ter often targets multiple physiological processes. By relocating and diffusing with the migration of water, these small molecules affect the growth and survival of target organisms by controlling their enzyme activities or influ-encing their photosystemic functions. The intensity of their informational effects is dependent on numerous factors, including the microbial decomposition of informational bioactive substances and the nutrient content and propor-tions in their living environment. Informational interactions seem to be enhanced under abiotic or biotic stress. In-formational organic matter in the aquatic environment is usually enriched by solvent extraction or solid-phase ex-traction (SPE) and can be identified and quantified by chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technology, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In this review, we systematically summarize recent research progress in informational organic matter as well as related determination methods. We discuss the importance to aquatic ecology of establishing an efficient and sensitive analysis method for identifying the chemical compositions and structures of informational organic matter in the aquatic environment and we investigate the mechanisms by which informational organic matter affects target organisms. In addition, we propose the concept of "aquatic ecoinformatics." This topic has great scientific signifi-cance for expanding the scope of ecology research and for further revealing hydrobiology mechanisms. Also of crucial practical value is the relevance of aquatic ecoinformatics to the sustainable utilization of aquatic biological resources.关键词
信息有机物/检测方法/水域生态讯息学/水环境Key words
Informational organic matter/determination/aquatic ecoinformatics/aquatic environment分类
海洋科学引用本文复制引用
张倩,宋金明,李学刚,袁华茂,李宁,段丽琴,曲宝晓,康绪明..水环境中的信息有机物与"水域生态讯息学"的提出[J].海洋科学,2017,41(3):138-150,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(No.41376092) （No.41376092）
青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室"鳌山人才"计划项目(No.2015ASTP-OS13) [Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41376092 （No.2015ASTP-OS13）
AoShan Talents Program Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2015ASTP-OS13)] （No.2015ASTP-OS13）
