热带气象学报2017，Vol.33Issue(3)：334-344,11.DOI:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.03.005
台风“海燕”(2013)暴雨非对称结构及尺度特征分析
THE ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE AND THE MESOLSCALE CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPHOON HAIYAN(2013)
摘要
Abstract
The No.30 super typhoon Haiyan in 2013 made landfall in northern Vietnam and then went northeast forward until the middle of northeast Guangxi,in the process of which,the rain was strong in southeast,but weak in northwest.Besides,there were two mesoscale rainfalls during the process,which strengthened the asymmetric structural characteristics of the typhoon storm.Based on the data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction data and automatic weather stations,Doppler radar products,the asymmetric structure,mesoscale precipitation formation mechanism and rain distribution features of Haiyan are analyzed.It shows as follows:(1) Before the typhoon's decoding,there were four mesoscale convective rainfall centres maintaining for 9 to 12 hours,and their rainfalls were distributed from west to east,and there were two mesoscale convective rainfall centres happening after the typhoon was decoded,which caused the heaviest rain during the landing process of Haiyan;(2) During the influence process of Haiyan,the fundamental formation reason of the asymmetric precipitation,which was strong in the south area but weak in the north area,is that Guangxi and Guizhou were covered by a north-dipping energy front,because of which,low energy center was controlling the northwest of Guangxi and the rainfall there was stopped,while the heavy rain still maintained in the southeast area.The formation reason of the mesoscale rainfall which happened in the period of typhoon landing till the time when it was decoded is that the unstable energy was generated by the front which happened in the atmospheric structure of high-level abnormal potential vorticity superimposed the underlying abnormal potential temperature.The maximum gradient center of the energy front,the intersection area between the zero-value area of MPV1 and positive-value center of MPV2 in the atmospheric boundary layer were the areas where the rainfall concentrated;(3)After the typhoon stopped decoding,cold air invaded the eastern side of Liuwan Mountains to force the warm air to lift up and generate a meso-γ convective echo,followed by a meso-β convective echo,under the influence of a southerly jet stream,and the basin topography between two mountains propagated as train effect,which helped the mesoscale rainfall happen.关键词
“海燕”/非对称结构/中尺度/湿位涡/列车效应Key words
Haiyan/typhoon/asymmetric structure/mesoscale/MPV/helicity/train effect分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
黄莉,黄增俊,白龙,詹莹玉..台风“海燕”(2013)暴雨非对称结构及尺度特征分析[J].热带气象学报,2017,33(3):334-344,11.基金项目
中国气象局预报员专项项目(CMAYBY2014-051) （CMAYBY2014-051）
广西壮族自治区气象局重点项目(桂气科200702) （桂气科200702）
广西壮族自治区气象局重点项目(201302)共同资助 （201302）
