中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(7)：1025-1033,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.161124
秸秆还田与旋耕对川中土壤物理性状及玉米机播质量的影响
Effect of straw return and rotary tillage on soil physical properties and mechanical sowing quality of maize in Central Sichuan
摘要
Abstract
With continuous development of agricultural science and technology and improvement of ecological and environ-mental awareness in China, rational use of crop straw has become an efficient and sustainable agricultural practice. With the rapid development of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, concerns have grown about the processing of soil barren-ness, wheat straw waste and other cultivation issues. Irrespectively, researches targeting purple clay soils have been limited. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine a suitable straw return and tillage method of mechanically sowed maize under wheat-maize double-cropping system in purple soils in hilly areas in Central Sichuan. The study also investi-gated the problems of soil fertility and viscosity, sowing conditions and plough layer quality for high yields. The experi-ment consisted of four treatments — rotary tillage with straw return (RTS), none-tillage with straw return (NTS), rotary tillage without straw return (RT) and none-tillage (NT). The aims of the experiment were to study the effects of tillage pat-terns with wheat straw return on physical properties of purple clay soils, and on quality of mechanically sowed summer maize in hilly areas in Central Sichuan. The results showed that compared with RT, RTS significantly increased capillary porosity in the 0-10 cm soil layer at elongation stage, increased water content in the 0-10 cm soil layer under no-tillage treatment for the entire growth period, and significantly reduced the rate of emergence, and uniformity of mechanical sow-ing and seedling quality of maize. Compared with NTS, RT reduced soil bulk density and water content in the 0-10 cm layer, but increased capillary porosity, emergence rate, seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry mass of mziae. Under wheat straw return condition, rotary tillage reduced soil bulk density at the 0-10 cm layer by 2.0%-12.1% as com-pared to no-tillage, significantly improved emergence rate (by 17.9%), plants per hill and uniformity of mechanical sowing and seedling uniformity of maize. Emergence rate of maize was significantly positively correlated with soil water content of the 0-10 cm layer. Both mechanical sowing uniformity and seedlings uniformity were significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density of the 0-10 cm layer. It was thus clear that rotary tillage with straw return improved soil structure, increased soil water content, benefited the quality of mechanical sowing and quality of seedlings of maize under winter wheat-summer maize cropping pattern in hilly areas in Central Sichuan, China.关键词
机播玉米/秸秆还田/播种均匀度/播种质量/幼苗素质/幼苗整齐度/土壤物理性状Key words
Mechanically sowed summer maize/Straw return/Mechanical sowing uniformity/Sowing quality/Seedling quality/Seedlings uniformity/Soil physical properties分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
朱敏,石云翔,孙志友,王兴龙,张頔,孔凡磊,袁继超..秸秆还田与旋耕对川中土壤物理性状及玉米机播质量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(7):1025-1033,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300307)、公益性行业科研专项(20150312705)、四川省科技支撑计划(2014NZ0040)和四川省玉米产业技术体系岗位专家项目资助 This work was supported by the National Key Research Project of China (2016YFD0300307), the Special Industry Research in Public Wel-fare (20150312705), the Science and Technology Support Plan of Sichuan Province (2014NZ0040) and the Corn Industry Technology System of Post Project of Sichuan Province. （2016YFD0300307）
