生态学报2017，Vol.37Issue(11)：3926-3931,6.DOI:10.5846/stxb201603250534
阿拉善马鹿(Cervus alashanicus)生境适宜性评价
Habitat assessment of red deer (Cervus alashanicus) in the Helan Mountains,China
摘要
Abstract
Cervus alashanicus only occurs in the Helan Mountains.Evaluating the habitat suitability of Cervus alashanicus is the premise and foundation of effective protection for this population.We used a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict habitat suitability for Cervus alashanicus in the Helan Mountains.The data needed in this research,included occurrence records of Cervus alashanicus and environmental factors.We collected 86 GPS coordinates for Cervus alashanicus occurrance obtained by line transect surveys and patrol data from the Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve from 2013 to 2014.Environmental factors were grouped into three categories,including topographic data (elevation,slope,and aspect) extracted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM),six vegetation factors extracted from the Thematic Mapper (TM) image of the Helan Mountains (2007),and water resources and human interference factors,including roads,mining,and forest protection points extracted from the 1∶50000 vector maps of the Helan Mountains.GIS was used to produce the data needed in the model.The distribution of Cervus alashanicus was predicted using the model of MaxEnt.The area under the curve (AUC) values of a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the accuracy of the MaxEnt model,and the Youden Index was applied to determine the threshold value for habitat classification in the MaxEnt model.The simulated habitat was divided into two categories,including suitable and unsuitable habitat using a threshold value of 0.31.Finally,the distribution map of habitat suitability of Cervus alashanicus in the Helan Mountains was generated from the data and software,and the AUC value for training data and test data were 0.956 and 0.898 respectively,which indicated that the result of the assessment was excellent.The results showed that suitable habitat for Cervus alashanicus was primarily distributed in the central and southern regions of the Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve (eastern part) and to a lesser extent in the northern region of the InnerMongolia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve (western part),with a total area of 667.87 km2,accounting for 18.2％ of the total assessment area.Most northern areas of Helan Mountains were unsuitable habitat for Cervus alashanicus because of lower precipitation and more mining.Jackknife tests and the contribution of environmental variables indicated that mining (30.4％),slope (26％),altitude (10.8％),and aspect (8.4％) were the main factors affecting habitat selection of Cervus alashanicus,followed by the forest protection points (5.7％),grasslands (4.2％),roads (4.2％),shrubs (4％),alpine meadows (3.8％),broad-leaved forests (1.3％),and water resources (0.9％).Coniferous forest and desert had little effect on the habitat selection of Cervus alashanicus.The response curves showed that habitat suitability increased gradually with the increase of distance from mine and road,and decreased when the slop was more than 30°.Results from our study suggested that mining was the most serious human interference for the Cervus alashanicus.Managers need to take more regulatory actions to protect the suitable habitat areas of Cervus alashanicus in order to promote the conservation of this population.关键词
阿拉善马鹿/生境评价/最大熵模型/贺兰山Key words
Cervus alashanicus/habitat suitability assessment/maximum entropy model/Helan Mountains引用本文复制引用
高惠,滕丽微,汪洋,王继飞,刘振生..阿拉善马鹿(Cervus alashanicus)生境适宜性评价[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3926-3931,6.基金项目
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2572014CA03,DL13EA01) （2572014CA03,DL13EA01）
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31372221) （31372221）
