摘要
Abstract
Objective To define the distribution of blood vessels and nerves in the temporal region, and provide detailed temporal anatomic level endoscopically assisted limited-incision face lift surgery. Methods 10 fresh cadaver head specimens were randomly divided into two groups, 5 cases were treated with angiography, 5 cases were treated with neuroanatomical dyeing. Results The temporal area is located on both sides of the parietal where were covered by temporal fascia temporalis muscle. Tissue of this area can be divided into: skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial temporal fascia, shallow level of deep temporal fascia, superficial temporal fat pad, deep level of deep temporal fascia, deep temporal fat pad, temporalis muscle, skull periosteum and skull. There are important blood vessels and nerves in the superficial temporal fascia, superficial temporal fat pad, temporalis muscle and skull. There are temporal superficial artery, temporal superficial vein, temporal branch and zygomatic branch of facial nerve, and temporal superficial nerve distributed in temporal superficial fascia. Temporal deep fascia is divided into two layers, and temporal light fat pad and temporal vein located between the two layers. Conclusion A safe and effective anatomical level to operate temporal incision rhytidectomy and face lift surgery need to be discussed by area. The incision is separated in the deep level of deep temporal fascia. The bleeding of the sentinel vein which could be found in the inferior edge of the orbital margin should be stopped completely. The layer should be separated between shallow level of deep temporal fascia and superficial temporal fat pad to avoid injuring temporal artery and vein, then deep down to skull periosteum when reached the zygomatic arch. The layer of separating in middle face was in the SMAS layer. Then a vascular clamp was need to apply to the separation at the shallow layer through zygomatic arch, in order to protect the branches of facial nerve. In order to ensure the safety of surgery, it is incision, fusion line, and zygomatic arch position of different levels which should be paid attention to avoid damage to the facial nerve and blood vessels.关键词
中面部/内窥镜/面部提升/除皱术/颞部/解剖Key words
middle face/endoscopic/face lift/rhytidectomy/temporal/anatomy.分类
医药卫生
