中国人口·资源与环境2017，Vol.27Issue(6)：49-56,8.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20170359
美国居民生活用能状况与趋势:30年微观调查数据分析
Residential energy consumption in US: 30 years micro-survey data
摘要
Abstract
With the rapid increase of residential sector energy consumption,many countries engage to research the characteristics of residential energy consumption in order to reduce carbon emission,especially the developed countries.This paper analyzes characteristics of US residential energy consumption using 30 years micro-survey data,which give some implications for developing countries.Total residential energy consumption has small change with the rise of population,the number of households,square footage,and tend to be stable,while per capita residential energy consumption shows a downward trend.Energy structure is dominated by nature gas and electricity,accounting for 44％ and 41％ respectively in 2009,which is attributed to the mature infrastructure of nature gas and electricity service for improving the availability of energy access.The ratio of nature gas declined slightly,but that of electricity has a significant rise instead over the past three decades.Space heating and appliances take a large proportion according to end-use structure,accounting for 41％ and 35％ respectively in 2009.Energy used for space heating has declined,and 70％ energy source is nature gas;energy consumption for appliances has rose dramatically,nearly doubled;percentage of space cooling is small,and increased slightly;water heating energy consumption changed little over the past three decades.Electricity and nature gas were chosen as primary cooking fuel,accounting for 60％ and 34％ respectively.Ownership of household appliances has increased greatly,along with the energy efficiency improvement.US housing has a long service life.Energy consumption of newly constructed housing is lower than that of early for better insulation,and per square foot energy consumption has declined.US residents live with a high level of energy service,but the total energy consumption nearly keep unchanged over the past three decades,which is closely related to the improvement of energy efficiency.For example,the ENERGY STAR program is a powerful method to promote energy conservation,and the mature energy statistics system provides a strong support for energy analysis.Compared to the US,China is hampered by higher proportion of solid fuels for cooking,shorter construction service life,and higher energy consumption of outside construction.Then we give some implications to China government,including improvement of energy statistics system,promotion of rural energy support programs and energy efficiency label,enhancement of construction planning,implement of construction energy consumption standard.关键词
美国/居民部门/能源消费/能源结构Key words
US/residential sector/energy consumption/energy structure分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
廖华,伍敬文,朱帮助..美国居民生活用能状况与趋势:30年微观调查数据分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(6):49-56,8.基金项目
国家重点研发计划课题“能源结构对碳排放强度的作用规律及参数化”(批准号:2016YFA0602801) （批准号:2016YFA0602801）
国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目“能源经济与气候政策”(批准号:71322306) （批准号:71322306）
国家自然科学基金面上项目“考虑要素禀赋差异的各国各行业碳排放轨迹集成比较研究及其对我国的启示”(批准号:71273027),“农户燃料选择行为及其对健康和社会经济的影响研究”(批准号:71673026). （批准号:71273027）
