中国人口·资源与环境2017，Vol.27Issue(6)：101-109,9.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20170437
美国的水权体系:原则、调适及中国借鉴
Water rights systems in the United States: principles, evolution and their implications for China
摘要
Abstract
Water rights are key to modern water governance.A rational and equitable water rights system can optimize the efficiency of water allocation.Due to an unclear and underdeveloped water rights system,water management in China failed to meet the demands of economic reforms.Water rights in the United States are well coordinated with its market economy,and its can provide valuable experience for China.Water governance in the United States shows that a system based on principle of market economy and guaranteed by rules and laws will optimize allocation and facilitate the sustainable use of water resources.Explicitly defining property rights of water resources is the cornerstone of water rights system in the United States.Acquisition of water rights and their responsibilities are clearly defined and protected by laws.When protecting private water rights,the United States water rights system balances interests between the federal and the local governments so as to avoid externalities.Authorization and management differ among states due to their natural and social conditions,but the principle of ‘ reasonable and beneficial use’ of water resources is shared by all states.The philosophy of water governance is evolving to value water in environmental and social terms rather than strictly economic terms.Promoting social equity,improving efficiency and minimizing transaction costs are driving this evolution of water rights systems in the United States;nevertheless there are conflicts among the different types of water rights and,in practice,water rights undergo frequent adjustments and revisions.China should integrate and localize the most valuable experiences of the United States water rights management into its own water resource governance.Based on a review of water rights systems in the United States,including approaches and procedures for authorizing,limiting,adjusting,and terminating water rights.Finally,this paper proposes measures for China to develop its own water rights system,such as authorizing and securing water rights through legislation,setting up a market-oriented water pricing mechanism,establishing a market for tradable water rights,and developing regional water laws.关键词
水权制度/美国/水岸水权/优先占用水权/混合水权Key words
water rights/the United States/riparian rights/prior appropriation/hybrid system分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
严予若,万晓莉,伍骏骞,袁平,郑建斌..美国的水权体系:原则、调适及中国借鉴[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(6):101-109,9.基金项目
西南财经大学双一流建设项目基金“中国西部灾害区域的人口资源环境重建与经济社会可持续发展” （）
国家社会科学基金项目“三江源国家生态保护综合试验区建设的体制机制优化研究”(批准号:14XJY004) （批准号:14XJY004）
国家自然科学基金“空间计量经济学视角下产业集群对农村减贫作用的研究”(批准号:71503212) （批准号:71503212）
国家社会科学基金项目“我国粮食国际贸易战略研究”(批准号:14XJY004). （批准号:14XJY004）
