农业工程学报2017，Vol.33Issue(12)：162-169,8.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.021
秸秆覆盖和滴灌制度对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响
Effects of straw mulching and drip irrigation scheduling on photosynthetic characteristic and yield of winter wheat
摘要
Abstract
Determining the photosynthetic parameters is the basis for understanding the physiological causes of water saving and yield increasing under drip irrigation modes. In this study, intrinsic photosynthetic parameters were determined during four years experiments in winter wheat field treated with six drip irrigation modes (T1 to T6, stands for treatments of lower irrigation amount with straw mulch, lower irrigation amount without straw mulch, moderate irrigation amount with straw mulch, moderate irrigation amount without straw mulch, higher irrigation amount with straw mulch, and higher irrigation amount without straw mulch, respectively). The differences in photosynthetic parameters among treatments were statistically analyzed, and the correlations between photosynthetic parameters and crop yield were analyzed. The results showed that increasing irrigation amount and straw mulch enhanced the apparent photon quantum efficiency (α), photosynthetic capacity (Amax), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax), respectively. However, the interaction effects of irrigation amount and mulching on photosynthetic parameters were not significant (p > 0.1). The effect of drip irrigation on apparent quantum efficiency (α) was significant (P < 0.05) during the late periods of the heading and grain filling stages, while the effect of straw mulch onα was not significant (P > 0.1). The effect of straw mulch and drip irrigation onAmax show significant (P < 0.05) seasonal differences. The effects of drip irrigation onVcmax andJmax were significant (P < 0.05) during the mid-season periods of the heading and grain filling stages, while the effects of straw mulch were significant (P < 0.05) during the later periods of the heading and grain filling stages. The results of multiple comparisons showed that the photosynthetic parameters of T5 were the highest (P < 0.05). Except for the measurements in 2016, the corresponding values of T6 and T3 were slightly lower but with no significant difference from those of T5 (P > 0.1). However, the corresponding values of T2 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of T5. These results suggested that, under higher irrigation amount, photosynthetic parameters were not affected significantly (P > 0.05) by mulching, but under lower irrigation amount, the parameters significantly (P < 0.05) decreased if treated with no mulching. The average values ofAmax during the four years from T1 to T6 were 29.59, 26.45, 31.44, 28.68, 32.42 and 30.90μmol/ (m2·s), respectively. The average values ofVcmax during the four years from T1 to T6 were 121.42, 107.68, 133.42, 113.55, 141.83 and 129.95μmol/ (m2·s), respectively. From the point of view of reducing the amount of irrigation, T3 irrigation scheduling can be used as an optimal strategy for winter wheat under drip irrigation with straw mulch, indicating that 65% to 85% of the field capacity was used as the lower and upper limits of soil moisture control. The management practices of drip irrigation with straw mulch can keep the higher photosynthetic capacity of flag leaf for winter wheat. The differences inAmax andVcmax among treatments could be explained by the leaf nitrogen content (Nmass). Grain yield for all years were also linearly related to Amax andVcmax, respectively. Therefore, by measuringNmass, one can estimateAmax andVcmax, thus achieving the yield estimates of winter wheat field in this area. In addition, the photosynthetic characteristic parameters can also be applied to the crop model to improve the accuracy of model prediction under different water and mulch regimes.关键词
作物/灌水/光合作用/冬小麦/秸秆覆盖/叶片氮含量Key words
crops/irrigation/photosynthesis/winter wheat/straw mulching/leaf nitrogen content分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张彦群,王建东,龚时宏,许迪,孙继文..秸秆覆盖和滴灌制度对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(12):162-169,8.基金项目
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD12B05) （2014BAD12B05）
中国水科院基本科研业务费项目( ID0145B602017 ) （ ID0145B602017 ）
国家自然科学基金项目(51309250) （51309250）
