中国水产科学2017，Vol.24Issue(4)：669-680,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1118.2017.16301
脂肪和蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大西洋鲑相关代谢酶和生长基因表达的影响
Effects of dietary fat and protein nutrition on fat metabolic enzymes and growth-associated gene expression of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the recirculating aquaculture system
摘要
Abstract
Salmo salar is one of the most important aquaculture species in the world, cultured in a cage culture system, which was introduced to China in 2010 and in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). In order to inves-tigate the effects of dietary fat and protein levels on fat metabolic enzymes and growth associated gene expression of S. salar in RAS, a 3×2 (three fat levels: 18%, 21%, and 24%; two protein levels: 38% and 48%, represented by F18, F21, F24, P38, and P48, respectively) random two-factor animal trial was conducted for 56 days. The trial included six treatments with triplicate groups of 40 trial fishes (650.00±45.50) g. Results showed that: (1) The fat requirement of S. salar was lower in RAS than in cage culture system, and the requirement of protein was equal between the two systems. The weight gain rate (WGR) was significantly higher in P48F21, by 22.23%–125.86%, than that in other groups (P<0.05), while the feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly lower in P48F24, by 16.24%–30.00% than that in other groups (P<0.05). (2) High fat level significantly increased hepatosomatic index (HSI) (P<0.05), while high protein level decreased condition factor (CF) very significantly (P<0.01). The HSI was significantly higher in P48F24 group than in other groups, by 10.92%–28.16% (P<0.05), while the CF was sig-nificantly lower than that in other groups, by 10.24%–12.31%. The study proposed the primary nutrition project that can control the shape of S. salar to 600–900 g by weight. (3) High and medium fat levels significantly (P<0.05) increased the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), and total esterase, while high protein level significantly (P<0.05) increased the activity of LPL and total esterase. The activities of LPL, HL, and total esterase in P48F21 and P48F24 groups were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05), and especially the activity of LPL in the two groups was higher than that in the P38F18 group, in which the activity of LPL was the lowest (P<0.05). We also found a significant negative correlation between protein level and the ac-tivity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P<0.05). (4) Medium fat level increased the expression of IGF-I gene in mus-cle and liver extremely significantly (P<0.01), while high protein level increased the expression of GH and IGF-I genes in muscle and IGF-I gene in liver extremely significantly (P<0.01). The expression of GHR decreased sig-nificantly with the increase in fat or protein level (P<0.05). The expressions of GH and IGF-I genes in muscle and IGF-I gene in liver in P48F21 and P48F24 groups were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05), while the expression of GHR in muscle and liver was lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). We found negative correlations among GH, IGF-I, and GHR, which could control the growth and reproductive activities in appropri-ate ranges. In conclusion, P48F21 and P48F24 groups had obvious promoting effects on growth performance and growth-associated gene expression in S. salar, while P48F21 group was better in the use of fat and saving of costs.关键词
脂肪/蛋白质/工业化循环水养殖/大西洋鲑/代谢酶/生长相关基因表达Key words
fat/protein/recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)/Salmo salar/fat metabolic enzymes/growth associated gene expression分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
马骏,柳阳,李勇,张静,赵宁宁..脂肪和蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大西洋鲑相关代谢酶和生长基因表达的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(4):669-680,12.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划项目(201113AD13B07) （201113AD13B07）
大西洋鲑循环清洁生产系统研发与产业化资助项目(Y12316101H) （Y12316101H）
中国科学院院地合作项目(Y12530101L). （Y12530101L）
