中国水土保持科学2017，Vol.15Issue(3)：58-64,7.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.03.008
坡面径流实时监测装置的测试与率定
Test and calibration of a real-time hillslope runoff measuring device
摘要
Abstract
[Background]Water and soil loss has been a major environmental issue,and people's demands on environment quality are raised constantly in China.In this context,a nationwide water and soil loss monitoring network was set up,the count of water and soil loss monitoring stations increased to 738 recently.Although network built quickly,but the dedicated devices used in water and soil loss monitoring still fall behind very much.For example,manual throughfall collecting tank was invented centuries ago,but it's still used widely now in China.Therefore,developing and testing automated dedicated devices used in water and soil loss monitoring is an urgent and long-term task,which can enhance people's ability of monitoring and controlling water and soil loss.Automatic hillslope runoff measuring device is a gauge that can be used in a scale of runoff plot to replace human beings to measure,which can enhance the monitoring efficiency greatly.[Methods] This paper took the measurement accuracy of a Runoff & Sediment Real-time Measuring Device as research object,the relative errors between theoretical value and measurement value were calculated based on the artificial runoff-producing simulation.Analysis of partial correlation was used to uncover the cause of error.With regression analysis,a fitted relationship between the runoff true value and the measured value was established.[Results] The results showed that the range of the relative error of runoff was-4.33％-24.01％,and the range of the stabilization time was 55-130 s.Based on the analysis of partial correlation,the stabilization time for measured values had a significantly positive correlation with sediment concentration,and had a significant inverse correlation with design flow (P ＜ 0.05).The accuracy of measurement had a significantly positive correlation with sediment concentration and design flow,but both sediment concentration and design flow presented limited influences on accuracy of measurement(α =0.05).Regress equation between the measurement of runoff and revised values was found by using the regression analysis.It was proved that accuracy of the measurement and the stabilization time for runoff measurements was significantly improved.Furthermore,the research also demonstrates that increasing waves cutting device and enlarging the size of waves filter can be conducive to improve accuracy of the measurement.[Conclusions] These results were beneficial to understand the measuring performance of device in this study.With the rainfall intensity range 3.60 mm/h-66.96 mm/h,runoff can be measured accurately by the device,the range of rainfall intensity mentioned above can represent different rain types,such as moderate rain,heavy rain and rainstorm in northern China.For improving measurement accuracy in the future,the impact of silt content and mechanical composition should be considered and explored.关键词
径流小区观测/径流量/测量精度/修正模型/偏相关分析Key words
observation based on runoff plot/flow/measurement accuracy/modified model/partial correlative analyses分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李智广,曹文华,牛勇..坡面径流实时监测装置的测试与率定[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):58-64,7.基金项目
山东省自然基金中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目“半干旱半湿润地区城市绿地节水与降温效应机制研究”(ZR2016DB12) （ZR2016DB12）
全国水土流失动态监测与公告项目(1261521610273) （1261521610273）
高分水利遥感应用示范系统(一期)(08-Y30B07-9001-1315) （一期）
