中国水土保持科学2017，Vol.15Issue(3)：105-113,9.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.03.014
黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕坡地不同植物群落的土壤侵蚀特征
Characteristics of soil erosion of different plant communities converted from slope cropland in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau
摘要
Abstract
[Background]The severe condition of soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau has resulted in critical agricultural and environmental problems.Vegetation restoration plays an essential role in controlling the soil erosion in the Loess Plateau.Yet there were few researches on analyzing the characteristics of soil erosion of different plant communities converted from slope cropland in the region.[Methods] The research was conducted between 2012 and 2015.Based on the succession of local plants,10 plant communities on abandoned slope croplands in 4 watersheds of Ansai County were selected and were classified in 4 groups:naturally restored herbage community (Artemisia scoparia,Stipa bungeana,Bothriochloa ischaemun,Artemisia gmelinii,and Artemisia giraldii),naturally restored shrub community (Sophora viciifolia),artificially established shrub community (Caragana intermedia and Hippophae rhamnoides) and artificially established arbor community (Robinia psendoacacia and Populus simonii).Totally 45 plots were selected and in each of these communities 3-6 plots were selected,in each plot 3 quadrats were placed as repetition.Annual soil erosion intensity was monitored by erosion pins placed in these plots.Characteristics of soil erosion of different plant communities were analyzed with ANOVA,combined with the hydrologic years divided by the characteristics of rainfall.Gray theory was used to determine the influence of potential indices caused soil erosion.[Results] Rainfall in research area was distributed unevenly,and rainfall erosivity was the driver factor causing the differences of soil erosion intensity of plant communities in different years.The ability of controlling soil erosion depended on the species of plant community:naturally restored shrub community (1 285.36 t/km2) ＞ naturally restored herbage community (2 152.65 t/km2) ＞ artificially established shrub community (2 320.50 t/km2) ＞ artificially established arbor community(2 661.14 t/km2).The soil erosion intensity of Robinia psendoacacia was the largest (3 875.02 t/km2) among these plant communities.Gray correlation analysis revealed that the rainfall and slope gradient had more impact on soil erosion than coverage in all communities.In shrub and arbor communities,the effect of slope gradient ＞ rainfall,but in herbage communities,rainfall ＞ slope gradient.When mentioned coverage,in natural restored community,cover of litters ＞ vegetation cover;and in artificially established community,vegetation cover ＞ cover of litters.[Conclusions] Under current status of vegetation,effects of precipitation on soil erosion reduced effectively in undisturbed plant communities.Natural vegetation should be restored initially with trees and shrubs introduced by human at proper time and place.Meanwhile,the undergrowth vegetation and litters in forest communities should be promoted earlier and protected,meanwhile human disturbances should be reduced as more as possible.关键词
土壤侵蚀/植被群落/侵蚀针法/灰色关联分析/黄土丘陵沟壑区Key words
soil erosion/plant communities/erosion pin/grey correlation analysis/hilly-gully loess region分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
赵珩钪,曹斌挺,焦菊英..黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕坡地不同植物群落的土壤侵蚀特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):105-113,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金“黄丘区坡面退耕与淤地坝对坡沟系统侵蚀产沙的阻控机理(41371280)” （41371280）
水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目“西北黄土高原区水土保持生态效应监测与评价技术研究”(201501045) （201501045）
