农业工程学报2017，Vol.33Issue(13)：82-89,8.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.011
DX-180型玻璃钢扇贝拖网渔船优化改造与试验
Optimization remould and experiment on DX-180 fiber reinforced plastic trawler for scallop
摘要
Abstract
In order to demonstrate whether the operation mode and equipment of the DX-180 FRP scallop trawler imported from Japan are suitable for the scallop fishing demand in China, preliminary tests and comparison were conducted in Zhang Zidao island. The results showed that DX-180 scallop trawler's oil-fish rate is significantly higher than that in Europe and in Zhang Zidao of China. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the operation mode and equipment of the DX-180 FRP scallop trawler to meet the sustainable development of scallop industry needs. There were two phases for optimizing operation mode and catching equipment of the DX-180 FRP scallop trawler. The first phase was carried out to determine the optimum technological parameters of operation mode in three different bottom sediments (coarse sand, smooth sand and smooth mud), based on increasing fishing dredge's sweeping area, and analyzing the critical influencing factors (trawl speed and steel warp length) on fuel consumption per tonnage scallops by orthogonal experiment. The second phase was to conduct comparative test of sea production, based on the first research results and actual production situation. The tests lasted for 12 d and 8 h per day in three bottom sediments, with each bottom sediment caught 4 d. By the end of each test day, calculate the amount of fishing, number of fishing and fuel consumption. Results of the first phase experiment showed that the optimum trawl speed and steel warp length are 2.1 m/s and 235 m, 2.1 m/s and 230 m, 2.3 m/s and 230 m respectively for coarse sand, smooth sand and smooth mud. The order of influence factor on unit fuel consumption is trawl speed> steel warp length. The results of the compared tests at the second stage showed that the amount of fishing, number of fishing and fuel consumption of the optimized DX-180 scallop trawler were all improved. Compared with original, the average daily catching of the optimized DX-180 scallop trawler increased by 226%, 238% and 243%, respectively, and the fuel consumption decreased 19.2%, 18.0% and 12.4% in the three different bottom sediments respectively. Compared with Liao Chang Yu Yang 15021 steel scallop trawl, the number of fishing with the optimized DX-180 scallop trawler increased 4 times per day in three different bottom sediments, and the average daily catching increased about 64.8%, 63.6% and 86.0% respectively. At the same time fuel consumption increased by 63.2%, 63.5% and 76.8% respectively. The economy analysis showed that the three economic evaluation indexes (unit fuel consumption, unit fishing efficiency and unit fishing cost) of the optimized DX-180 scallop trawler were better than those of the main ship which will be renewed and reconstructed (Liao Chang Yu Yang 15021 scallop trawler). Compared with original one, the unit fuel consumption of optimized trawler under the three kinds of sediments decreased by 290%, 299% and 285%, respectively. Compared with the existing steel scallop trawl (15021 scallop trawler), the fuel consumption per unit of coarse sand and smooth sand reduced by 1.31% and 0.22%, respectively, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05), and the fuel consumption per unit of catch in the smooth mud was reduced by 5.21%, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). From the perspective of unit fishing efficiency, it is found that unit fishing efficiency of the 15021 scallop trawler is 0.16 km2/kW, while DX-180 scallop trawler's unit fishing efficiency is 0.22 km2/kW, which increased by 37.5%. At the same time, the unit cost of DX-180 FRP scallop trawler is 26.0% lower than that of 15021 scallop trawler. Therefore optimized DX-180 scallop trawl can replace the existing steel scallop trawlers, and meet development needs of green enterprises.关键词
渔业/渔船/优化/虾夷扇贝/钢质捕捞船/玻璃钢捕捞船/对比试验/改进措施Key words
fisheries/fishing vessels/optimization/Patinopecten yessoensis/steel scallop trawler/FRP scallop trawler/comparative experiments/improved measure分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李明智,赵学伟,于功志,张媛,张锦程,侯景元..DX-180型玻璃钢扇贝拖网渔船优化改造与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):82-89,8.基金项目
"十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2013BAD23B01) （2013BAD23B01）
