物理学报2017，Vol.66Issue(14)：381-388,8.DOI:10.7498/aps.66.145201
基于石墨烯加载的不对称纳米天线对的表面等离激元单向耦合器
Tunable unidirectional surface plasmon polariton coupler utilizing graphene-based asymmetric nanoantenna pairs
摘要
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), the electromagnetic waves traveling along metal-dielectric or metal-air interface, which originate from the interactions between light and collective electron oscillations on metal surface, have received considerable attention for their promising applications in the future optical field, such as image, breaking diffraction limit, subwavelength-optics microscopy, lithography, etc. However, one of the fundamental issues in plasmonics is how to actively manipulate the propagation direction of SPPs. In this paper, we propose and numerically investigate a graphene-based unidirectional SPP coupler, which is composed of asymmetric plasmonic nanoantenna pairs with a graphene sheet separated by a SiO2 spacer from the gold substrate. The device geometry facilitates the simultaneous excitation of two localized surface plasmon resonances in the entire structure, and consequently, the asymmetric nanoantenna pairs can be considered as being composed of two oscillating magnetic dipoles or as two SPP sources. Because the resonance of the plasmonic antenna pairs depends on the bias voltage applied across graphene sheet and back-gated Au, the phase difference between radiated electromagnetic waves induced by the antenna can be tuned through varying the Fermi level of graphene. Here, approximately a π/2 phase difference between radiated electromagnetic (EM) waves can be acquired at EF ≈ 0.81 eV, which indicates that the radiated EM waves can interfere constructively along the direction of the x-axis while interfere destructively along the opposite direction. This directional propagation of EM wave leads to the unidirectional propagation of SPPs. Furthermore, electric field distribution of the cavity demonstrates that the tunability of plasmonic antenna is proportional to the electric field intensity in the vicinity of the graphene region. For our designed structure, the left cavity can provide a significantly larger tunable range than the right one. With this result, we can quantitatively analyze the tuning behavior of graphene-loaded plasmonic antenna based on equivalent circuit model, and draw the conclusions that the unidirectional SPP propagation effect originates from the interference mechanism. In addition, compared with the device reported previously, our proposed device possesses a huge extinction ratio (>2600) and more broadband tunable wavelength range (6.3–7.5 μm). In addition, it is possible to make up for the deficiencies of current nanofabrication technologies by utilizing its actively controlled capability. All the above results indicate that the proposed active device promises to realize a compactable, tunable, and broadband terahertz plasmonic light source. It will play an important role in future photonic integrations and optoelectronics.关键词
表面等离激元/石墨烯/纳米天线/磁偶极子Key words
surface plasmon polaritons/grapheme/nanoantenna/magnetic dipole引用本文复制引用
邓红梅,黄磊,李静,陆叶,李传起..基于石墨烯加载的不对称纳米天线对的表面等离激元单向耦合器[J].物理学报,2017,66(14):381-388,8.基金项目
Project supported by the Guangxi Scientific Research and Technological Development Program Topics, China (Grant No. 1598007-12) and the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education, China (Grant No. YCSZ2016035). 广西科技研究与技术开发计划 (批准号: 1598007-12) 和广西研究生教育创新计划 (批准号: YCSZ2016035) 资助的课题. （Grant No. 1598007-12）
