施氮量对春小麦生长及土壤养分积累的影响
Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount on the Growth and Soil Nutrient Accumulation of Spring Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] This project aims to study the influence law of effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of spring wheat and temporal and spatial distribution of soil nutrients in Baicheng in the hope of finding suitable amount of nitrogen applied for growth and soil nutrient accumulation, thus achieving scientific, rational and efficient application of nitrogen fertilizer and providing theoretical basis for the protection of ecological environment in the wheat fields.[Method]In the year 2016, the test field in Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station was chosen, and the test subject was drip irrigation spring wheat (Ninchun 44).The four nitrogen levels: control (0 kg/hm2, CK), low nitrogen (105 kg/hm2, N1), middle nitrogen (210 kg/hm2, N2) and high nitrogen (315 kg/hm2, N3) were set to analyze the differences in the growth of spring wheat (SPAD value and the factor of nitrogen in different organs, yield and yield components of phosphorus and potassium absorption and distribution) and difference of soil nutrient accumulation (organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen).[Result](1) The SPAD value was increasing with the increase of nitrogen application amount in jointing, heading, flowering and grain filling stages of spring wheat.And the suitable nitrogen amount was 315 kg/hm2.(2) There was significant correlation between yield and panicle length, total spikelet number, seedling spikelet number, sterile spikelet number, spikelet number, grain weight and grain yield(P<0.05).The yield of nitrogen fertilizer 105, 210 and 315 kg/hm2 increased by 7.2%, 27.6% and 42.1% respectively, compared with CK, among which, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer 315 kg/hm2 increased by about 114.08 kg/667 m2.(3) Different nitrogen and phosphorus allocation amount in grain and stem of spring wheat was: grain > stem (P <0.05), while the distribution of K was expressed as stem > grain (P < 0.05).The increase of nitrogen amount promoted the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by spring wheat.The most beneficial nitrogen amount of absorbing N was 315 kg/hm2, and it was 210 kg/hm2 for P and K uptake.(4) In vertical direction, soil nutrients gradually decreased with the increase of soil layer depth.In horizontal direction, the nitrogen amount 315 kg/hm2 was more favorable to soil nutrient (organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen) at the distance 0cm to the dropper belt.At the distance of 15, 30 cm to the dropper belt, 315 kg/hm2 was favorable to the accumulation of soil available nitrogen, and 210 kg/hm2 was favorable to the accumulation of organic matter and total nitrogen.[Conclusion]In summary, it can serve as a suitable nitrogen fertilizer for the growth of wheat in Xinjiang, and provide a scientific and theoretical basis for wheat drip fertigation关键词
春小麦/施氮量/生长/土壤养分Key words
spring wheat/nitrogen application amount/growth/soil nutrient分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
窦晓静,张彦红,耿庆龙,赖宁,陈署晃..施氮量对春小麦生长及土壤养分积累的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(7):1191-1199,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目"滴灌土壤养分的空间变异及其对春小麦生长特性和产量的影响机制"(41461047) （41461047）
世界银行贷款项目"小麦滴灌节水丰产技术研究与应用"(XJ00Z13002) （XJ00Z13002）
自治区水利专项项目"小麦滴灌水肥一体化集成示范"(2015T25) （2015T25）
中国-挪威国际合作项目"减少环境影响和保障可持续食品安全和粮食安全的创新技术合作研究"(CHN-2152,14-0039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Drip Irrigation Soil Nutrient Spatial Variation and Its Mechanism of Effects on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Spring Wheat"(41461047) （CHN-2152,14-0039）
The World Bank Loan Project"Water Saving and High Yield Technology of Wheat Drip Irrigation Research and Application"(XJ00Z13002) （XJ00Z13002）
Water Conservancy Special Project of Xinjiang "Integrated Demonstration of Water and Fertilizer Integration for Wheat Drip Irrigation" (2015T25) （2015T25）
International Cooperation Project between China and Norway "Research on Innovative Technology Cooperation to Reduce Environmental Impact and Safeguard Sustainable Food Safety and Food Security."(CHN-2152,14-0039) （CHN-2152,14-0039）
