中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(9)：1360-1370,11.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170203
华北平原农田生态系统服务评价及灌溉效益分析
Evaluation of agro-ecosystem services and analysis of irrigation benefit in the North China Plain
摘要
Abstract
Agro-ecosystem has become a hot research area in the field of ecology in recent years. One of the most important issues of agro-ecosystems is the strongly disturbance they have suffered from human activities. Agro-ecosystems not only provide critical services for human existence such as agricultural products, but could also have negative impacts on ecological environment which together comprise the negative services of agro-ecosystems. It is known that farmland irrigation is the main mode of groundwater depletion in the North China Plain. Although grain yields can be increased greatly under groundwater irrigation, over-exploitation of groundwater can lead to environmental problems including lowered underground water level. Therefore, it is essential to exactly measure the contribution of irrigation to agro-ecosystem production and to comprehen-sively evaluate the sustainability of the development of agro-ecosystems in the North China Plain. Based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) framework developed by the United Nations Environment Programme and taking the typically high-yield farmlands in Luancheng District of Hebei Province in the North China Plain as the study area, we used emergy theory to analyze agro-ecosystem inputs. The study also analyzed both the positive and negative services of the agro-ecosystems in the three categories of service provision, service regulation and service support using statistical in-put/output data of the agro-ecosystems in Luancheng for the period from 1984 to 2008. Furthermore, irrigation efficiency was calculated by the sharing coefficient method and the development sustainability of agro-ecosystems was evaluated by the cal-culation and analysis of a series of emergy indicators. The results showed that annual emergy input of the agro-ecosystems in Luancheng was 1.00×1012sej·m-2, over 90％ of which were non-renewable industrial auxiliary emergy (6.81×1011sej·m-2) and non-renewable environmental resource emergy (groundwater irrigation of 2.57×1011sej·m-2). This indicated that agro-ecosystems consumed a huge portion of non-renewable resources. For agro-ecosystem output, the positive service (75.60％ of the total output) was greater than the negative service (24.40％ of the total output). While service provision (agri-cultural product supply, 1.07×1012sej·m-2) was the main positive service (1.82×1012sej·m-2), regulation service (greenhouse gas emission of 5.31×1011sej·m-2) accounted for most of the negative service (5.87×1011sej·m-2). The sharing coefficient of irrigation benefit of the agro-ecosystems was calculated as the lower value of 0.32, and the net irrigation benefit was deter-mined to be 3.94×1011sej·m-2, taking into consideration the negative services of the agro-ecosystems. The values of emergy sustainability index, emergy sustainability index of ecosystem service and emergy sustainability index of net ecosystem ser-vice in the study area were 0.10, 0.18 and 0.12, respectively. All the above three emergy sustainability indexes were far less than 1, suggesting that the agro-ecosystems of Luancheng largely depended on consumable resources. Therefore, a series of countermeasures were needed to be taken, including the conservation of groundwater, the promotion of alternative fertilizers and the development of low toxicity pesticides, the implementation of national policy and legal tools. These countermeasures ensured low-energy consumption and high-yield development in agriculture towards the realization of sustainable development of agro-ecosystems in the North China Plain.关键词
农田生态系统/能值分析/分摊系数/灌溉效益/生态系统服务/华北平原Key words
Agro-ecosystem/Emergy analysis/Sharing coefficient/Irrigation benefit/Ecosystem service/North China Plain分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
周淑梅,武菁,王国贞..华北平原农田生态系统服务评价及灌溉效益分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(9):1360-1370,11.基金项目
河北省社会科学基金项目(HB15YJ059)资助 This study was supported by the Hebei Provincial Social Science Fund (HB15YJ059). （HB15YJ059）
