河南农业科学2017，Vol.46Issue(9)：11-17,7.DOI:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2017.09.003
测墒灌溉条件下不同养分配置对小麦-玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响
Effect of Different Nutrients Allocation under Measuring-irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat and Corn
摘要
Abstract
In order to find out the water and fertilizer allocation mode for saving water and fertilizer and increasing production,the experiment of controlled release fertilizer and nitrogen topdressing on wheat and corn under measuring irrigation was carried out in Tongxu county in Henan province,the water condition was set 3 levels:deficit irrigation(50％ to 60％ of filed capacity),limited irrigation(65％ to 75％ of field capacity) and full irrigation(75％ to 85％ of field capacity),the fertilizer was set 5 patterns: recommended specific fertilizer 750 kg/ha and topdressing N 75 kg/ha,recommended slow controlled release fertilizer 600 kg/ha,recommended slow controlled release fertilizer 600 kg/ha and topdressing N 75 kg/ha,recommended slow controlled release fertilizer 750 kg/ha,recommended slow controlled release fertilizer 750 kg/ha and topdressing N 75 kg/ha.The results showed that the limited irrigation could improve crop growth and development,compared with deficit irrigation treatment,the plant height,spike length,spikelet number,grain number and 1 000 grains weight of wheat were increased overall,infertility spikes declined,the effective ear length and 1 000 grains weight of corn were increased significantly.Compared with full irrigation,the spikelet number,grain number,1 000 grain weight of wheat and double row grains,1 000 grains weight of corn were increased significantly.The yield of wheat of the limited irrigation treatment increased by 6.73％-11.61％ compared with the deficit irrigation,and 0.71％-4.11％ compared with the full irrigation treatment;the water use efficiency of limited irrigation treatment increased by 0.51-1.29 kg/(mm·ha) compared with deficit irrigation treatment,and 0.63-1.12 kg/(mm·ha) compared with full irrigation treatment,the best one of all of treatments was the treatment with 750 kg/ha controlled-release fertilizer,followed by the treatment with 750 kg/ha controlled-release fertilizer plus nitrogen topdressing 75 kg/ha.The yield of corn of limited irrigation treatment increased by 17.44％-21.45％,and 1.20％-9.04％ compared with the full irrigation treatment;the water use efficiency of limited irrigation treatment increased by 2.06-3.42 kg/(mm·ha) compared with the deficit irrigation treatment,and 1.28-3.09 kg/(mm·ha) compared with the full irrigation treatment,the best one of all of treatments was the treatment with 750 kg/ha controlled-release fertilizer plus nitrogen topdressing 75 kg/ha,and followed by the treatment with 600 kg/ha controlled-release fertilizer plus nitrogen topdressing 75 kg/ha.The yield of wheat and corn anniversary of limited irrigation treatment increased by 11.99％-15.33％ compared with the deficit irrigation treatment,and increased by 0.96％-4.99％ compared with the full irrigation treatment,the best one of all of treatments was the treatment with 750 kg/ha controlled-release fertilizer plus nitrogen topdressing 75 kg/ha.The water use efficiency of the limited irrigation treatment increased by 1.51-1.81 kg/(mm·ha) compared with deficit irrigation treatment,and 0.88-1.67 kg/(mm·ha) compared with the full irrigation treatment.According to the analysis of crop yield and water use efficiency,under the annual precipitation conditions,the best mode of water and fertilizer was the combination of limited irrigation and 750 kg/ha controlled release fertilizer plus nitrogen topdressing 75 kg/ha,which could improve the yield and water use efficiency,and also achieve the purpose of saving water.关键词
测墒灌溉/养分运筹/控释肥/小麦/玉米/产量/水分利用效率Key words
measuring irrigation/nutrient management/slow controlled release fertilizer/wheat/corn/yield/WUE分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
武继承,杨永辉,潘晓莹,张洁梅,何方..测墒灌溉条件下不同养分配置对小麦-玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(9):11-17,7.基金项目
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203077) （农业）
"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目(2013BAD07B07-6) （2013BAD07B07-6）
河南省农业科学院科研发展专项资金项目(201513105) （201513105）
