农业工程学报2017，Vol.33Issue(15)：147-154,8.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.15.019
工程堆积体坡面植物篱的控蚀效果及其机制研究
Erosion resistance effects and mechanism of hedgerows in slope of engineering accumulation
摘要
Abstract
Engineering accumulation body generated during the process of engineering construction has a unique soil composition and complex underlying surface. This sort of deposit is characterized by weak anti-scour ability attributed to the surface structure of soil loss, loose soil, and plant roots and organic matter deficiency, which may result in the runoff conditions easily causing severe soil erosion. Engineering accumulation body is prone to soil and water loss, which is the emphasis of water and soil conservation in production and construction project. As an effective soil and water conservation measure, hedgerows have been widely used in various types of arable lands. In the present study, hedgerows are adopted to improve the erosion resistance of the slope by runoff scouring tests. The hydrodynamic characteristics are a premise and foundation to understand erosion processes on engineering accumulation body under the condition of hedgerow measure. Thus, a series of studies were conducted for the simulation of runoff erosion process in order to reveal the relationships of main hydrodynamic parameters, such as runoff velocity, depth, flow shear stress, stream power and other relevant parameters, and to explore the erosion control mechanisms of hedgerow on engineering accumulation slope. The study area is located at the Changwu Agricultural Ecological Experimental Station on the Loess Plateau (35°14′24.5″N, 107°40′21.2″E). The established plot was 20 m long and 5 m wide, with 0.5 m thickness of soil generated from slope excavation. There were 3 flow discharges (35, 45, 55 L/min) and 3 slopes (24°, 28°, 32°), and a hedgerow plot was set for each slope and at the same time a bare slope was set as the control; in the hedgerow plot, 4 hedgerows were uniformly arranged from top down. The distance between the highest hedgerow and the upper edge of the slope is 3 m, and the hedgerow spacing is 4 m. A total of 18 field trials were designed in this study. The results showed that the erosion time of the engineering accumulation body focused on the late period of runoff (10-32 min), and the main erosion position was in the middle-upper slope (0-10 m). The cumulative sediment yields of hedgerows plot are reduced by 10%-45% compared to control plot. The relationship between erosion control capability and scouring duration could be stated with quadratic function in which critical time became more early with the increase of slope and flow discharge. In later stage, the sediment concentration in runoff of hedgerows plot exceeded control plot, which could be related to transformation of hedgerows between source and sink. Hedgerows reduce soil detachment rate, increase critical shear stress and critical stream power, and curb rill evolution to develop toward the lower slope. Based on the runoff power, hedgerow slope erodibility (3.58 g/(N·m)) was higher than that of the control surface erodibility parameter (2.83 g/(N·m)). Different slopes and rainfall intensities under the condition of engineering accumulation of hedgerows have good runoff and sediment reduction effect, which may provide a theoretical reference for the rational use of slope protection measures. Meanwhile, fitting the relations between hydrodynamic parameters and soil erosion rate, rill erodibility and critical runoff power can also provide basic parameters for the study on soil erosion on engineering accumulation slope under hedgerow.关键词
土壤/侵蚀/径流/工程堆积体/植物篱/放水流量Key words
soils/erosion/runoff/engineering accumulation/hedgerows/flow discharges分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杨帅,高照良,李永红,牛耀彬,王凯,白皓,齐星圆,李玉亭婷..工程堆积体坡面植物篱的控蚀效果及其机制研究[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(15):147-154,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金:工程堆积体陡坡坡面径流侵蚀输沙动力过程试验研究(41671283) （41671283）
"十三五"重点研发计划:高塬沟壑区固沟保塬生态防护与苹果产业提质增效技术及示范(2016YFC0501706-02) （2016YFC0501706-02）
