水生态学杂志2017，Vol.38Issue(5)：72-79,8.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.2017.05.010
三峡水库正常运行期间四大家鱼的时空分布特征
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Four Major Chinese Carp Species in Three Gorges Reservoir during the Normal Operating Period
摘要
Abstract
Many studies have shown that construction of Three Gorges Reservoir ( TGR) effected community struc-ture and distribution of economic fish species. The current status and spatial-temporal distribution of the four major Chinese carp species( FMCCS) in TGR are not known. Xiangjiaba and Luoxidu Hydropower stations in the lower Jinsha River began operations in 2012 and 2013 , and these are also significantly effecting the hydrologic regime of TGR. A fishery resource investigation was conducted in five sections ( Zigui, Wushan, Yunyang, Fuling, and Jiangjin) of TGR during the normal operation periods from 2011 to 2015. Based on the data gathered, the spatial-temporal distribution of the FMCCS in the main stem of TGR was characterized. The ecological problems faced by the FMCCS resulting from the cascaded hydropower stations on the Jinsha River were assessed to provide support for FMCCS protection. The Zigui and Wushan sections are located in the lower reach of TGR, the Yunyang in the mid-dle reach, and Fuling and Jiangjin in the upper reach. The fishery investigation was conducted twice in May-July ( low water level period) and October-December ( high water level period) with four-six catches each day for 14-20 days each year. Fish were collected by gill net and shrimp pot;each specimen was identified and total length, body length and body weight were measured. Over the 5-year period, a total of 2005 FMCCS individuals (754. 05 kg) were collected from the five sections, with dominance by silver carp (1270 individuals, 63. 35%) and black carp the fewest in number (22, 1. 09%). The number of FMCCS, relative to total number of fish col-lected, decreased from 3. 52% in 2011 to 1. 86% in 2015, while the weight percentage increased from 13. 47% in 2011 to 28. 06% in 2012, and then decreased to 24. 30% in 2015. The number percentages of silver carp, big-head carp and grass carp all declined, whereas the weight percentage fluctuated, increasing and then decreasing. The ranges in average length of silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp and black carp were, respectively, 193 -308 mm, 166-265, 129 -493 mm and 95 -282 mm, and the average weight ranges were 285. 3 -574. 3 g, 144. 1-663. 2 g, 94. 4-731. 6 g and 18. 1-430. 7 g, both increasing with time, especially for grass carps. Over the five year investigation, the main area of FMCCS habitation gradually moved from the section of Fuling to Zigui, towards the middle sections, Zigui and Yunyang. From the five sections sampled, the number and weight of the FMCCS catches were highest in the Yunyang section. Impact analysis showed that the main problems faced by FM-CCS in TGR are changes in the hydrologic regime resulting from the cascaded hydropower stations on the Jinsha River, and widespread overfishing in TGR.关键词
四大家鱼/时空分布/三峡水库/正常运行期Key words
four major Chinese carp species/fish temporal and spatial distribution/Three Gorges Reservoir/nor-mal operating period分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杨志,龚云,董纯,乔晔,陈小娟,唐会元..三峡水库正常运行期间四大家鱼的时空分布特征[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(5):72-79,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目( 51209134 ) （ 51209134 ）
三峡工程与环境监测系统项目(SX[2015]-020) （SX[2015]-020）
湖北省水资源安全保障协同创新中心专项课题( HB-SAQBZ-01 ) （ HB-SAQBZ-01 ）
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2016CFB239). （2016CFB239）
