生态环境学报2017，Vol.26Issue(9)：1619-1626,8.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2017.09.023
淡水环境中微塑料的赋存、来源和生态毒理效应研究进展
Occurrence, Source and Ecotoxicological Effect of Microplastics in Freshwater Environment
摘要
Abstract
Due to the massive production and consumption in modern society, plastic products are delivered into the aquatic environment. The plastic waste in the aquatic environment would break down into numerous small plastic fragments with a size <5 mm, namely microplastics. As emerging environmental contaminants, microplastics have been received global attention from both scientific and public communities. Nowadays, most of the available literature concentrates mainly on the microplastics pollution in the marine environment. Due to the frequent contact with people, the microplastics pollution in the terrestrial freshwater environment should be considered more carefully. In order to get a thorough understanding of the microplastics pollution in the freshwater environment and strengthen the risk management, the occurrence, source and ecotoxicological effect of microplastics in the freshwater environment were reviewed based on the previous studies in recent years. The occurrences of microplastics have been reported in water, sediments and organisms, indicating that the microplastics pollution may be distributed worldwide in the freshwater environment. Moreover, it seems that the microplastics pollution in China is more significant than that in other countries. To date, the sources of microplastics in the freshwater environment are still not very well characterized. The main direct sources of microplastics may include effluents of wastewater treatment plants, degradation of plastic waste in the aquatic environment, and terrestrial input by soil erosion or runoff, while personal care products, synthetic textiles, industrial materials, and mismanaged plastic waste from urban, agricultural, touristic and industrial areas are considered the ultimate origins of microplastics in the freshwater environment. Microplastics can trigger physical effects and biochemical perturbations in freshwater organisms. Furthermore, it may lead to combined pollution with other contaminants, eventually inducing interactive effects on freshwater organisms. Collectively, there is an urgent need to investigate the microplastics pollution in the freshwater environment. In the future, the influence of environmental factors on the microplastics pollution characteristic, the analysis of the sources of microplastics, and the interactive effects between microplastics and other contaminants on freshwater organisms should be further studied. This paper would provide a theoretical reference for the study concerning the microplastics pollution and the ecological risk in freshwater environments.关键词
微塑料/淡水环境/赋存/来源/生态毒理效应Key words
microplastics/freshwater environment/occurrence/source/ecotoxicological effect分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
丁剑楠,张闪闪,邹华,张云,朱荣..淡水环境中微塑料的赋存、来源和生态毒理效应研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(9):1619-1626,8.基金项目
科技部国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0123600) （2016YFE0123600）
江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20170188) （BK20170188）
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(JUSRP11714) （JUSRP11714）
