中国农业科学2017，Vol.50Issue(11)：1995-2005,11.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.005
高密度种植条件下春玉米氮素的需求规律与适宜施氮量
Optimal Nitrogen Application Rate and Nitrogen Requirement Characteristics in Spring Maize Under High Planting Density Condition
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] This research aims to evaluate requirement characteristics of spring maize and the response to nitrogen application rate at the middle region of Northeast,so as to make reasonable nitrogen management of spring maize with high planting density (75 000 plant/hm2).[Method] The field experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 at the station of Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gongzhuling of Jilin province.The hybrid "Xianyu335" was used as research materials.Five nitrogen application rates (No nitrogen N1,70％ optimized nitrogen N2,optimized nitrogen N3,130％ optimized nitrogen N4,high nitrogen N5) were set under the field conditions with the high grain yield management.The characteristics of accumulation and distribution of biomass and nitrogen in different organs of plants were monitored during the growth period.And the influence of grain yield and nitrogen translocation efficiency was studied in different nitrogen application rates.[Result] There was a significant difference in grain yield,biomass,and nitrogen accumulation among the nitrogen application rates.The interaction between nitrogen application rates and years was also significant.The grain yield showed an odd peak curve with the nitrogen application rates and the highest grain yield was obtained in N3 treatment.The kernel numbers and 1000-kemel weight were the main contribution.The nitrogen accumulation in grain and nitrogen translocation efficiency were improved under reasonable nitrogen application condition,which was the important basis for the high grain yield.The percentage of grain within biomass was the highest in N3 treatment,and the percentage of nitrogen accumulation after silking stage was higher than that of other treatments.These results indicated that reasonable nitrogen management probably helped to the nitrogen uptake after silking stage.The quadratic equation between grain yield and nitrogen application rate was developed on the basis of two years field experiments,and the equation is y=-0.1715x2+ 79.73x+3940.1,R2=0.963.The optimum economy fertilizing quantity was 225.1 kg·hm-2.[Conclusion]The translocation ofbiomass to grain was improved under reasonable nitrogen application condition,which also help to improve nitrogen uptake and translocation efficiency.Based on the moderate fertility black soil and the 75 000 plant/hm2 planting density for spring maize in the middle region of Northeast,the nitrogen application rate can be adjusted to around 225 kg·hm-2 according to the soil fertility and hybrids.关键词
春玉米/籽粒产量/高密度/施氮量Key words
spring maize/grain yield/high planting density/nitrogen application rate引用本文复制引用
蔡红光,袁静超,刘剑钊,闫孝贡,张洪喜,梁尧,任军..高密度种植条件下春玉米氮素的需求规律与适宜施氮量[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):1995-2005,11.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B02)、吉林省玉米产业技术体系专项、吉林省科技发展计划重点项目(LFGC14218,LFGC14306)、吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2017ZD001) （2013BAD07B02）
