中国农业科学2017，Vol.50Issue(17)：3352-3364,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.17.010
氮肥用量对小麦开花后根际土壤特性和产量的影响
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Rhizosphere Soil Characteristics and Yield After Anthesis of Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] Making the relationship between rhizosphere soil properties and wheat grain yield or grain nitrogen(N) accumulation (GNA) clear could help managing N fertilizer application, improving N use efficiency and reducing environment pollution. [Method]A field experiment with four N fertilizer treatments (0 kg N·hm-2, CK; 150 kg N·hm-2, N150; 240 kg N·hm-2, N240; 300 kg N·hm-2, N300) was conducted in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, soil samples including rhizosphere soil (R) and bulk soil (B) in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths were collected at anthesis, milking and maturity stages. Soil NH4+-N, NO3--N, urease, saccharase and wheat biomass including root, stem, leaf, spike biomass and their N content were measured, and the relationships between rhizosphere soil characteristics and grain yield and GNA were analyzed. [Result](1) Results of the experiment showed that in comparison with CK, wheat grain yields of three N fertilizer treatments increased by 99%, 130% and 107% for the two annual average, respectively. Wheat root, stem, leaf and spike biomass and aboveground nitrogen accumulation (ANA) increased with the N application rates increasing, while nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) declined, and their differences among the four treatments were significant. (2) Over the periods of studies, soil NH4+-N concentration, NO3--N concentration, soil sacharase and urease activities (0-20 cm excluded) of both rhizosphere and bulk soil in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths showed a decreasing trend. The average NH4+-N and NO3--N concentration of four fertilizer treatments in rhizosphere soil was significantly lower than that in bulk soil. In comparison with bulk soil in 0-20 cm depth, rhizosphere soil NH4+-N concentration of four treatments in the two years reduced by 29%, and by 22% for NO3--N concentration; and rhizosphere soil NH4+-N concentration reduced by 34% and by 14%for NO3--N concentration in 20-40 cm depth. Rhizosphere soil sacharase activities in 0-20 cm depth increased by 29% than that of bulk soil, and by 15% for urease activities; while increased by 33% for sacharase activities and by 13% for urease activities in 20-40 cm. (3) Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil inorganic-N (NH4+-N + NO3--N), urease, and saccharase (2016 year GNA excluded) in rhizosphere soil and bulk soil were all significantly and positively correlated with wheat grain yield and GNA.[Conclusion]All of these results indicated that wheat rhizosphere soil available N concentration was less than the bulk soil after anthesis stage, while rhizosphere soil enzyme activity was higher than the bulk soil. Grain yield and GNA were all significantly and positively correlated with rhizosphere and bulk soil. The variations of rhizosphere and bulk soil characteristics could affect wheat grain yield.关键词
小麦产量/氮肥/根际土壤/铵态氮、硝态氮/酶Key words
wheat yield/nitrogen fertilizer/rhizosphere soil/NH4+-N/NO3--N/enzyme引用本文复制引用
安婷婷,侯小畔,周亚男,刘卫玲,王群,李潮海,张学林..氮肥用量对小麦开花后根际土壤特性和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(17):3352-3364,13.基金项目
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503117)、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-19)、河南省教育厅项目(13A210491) （农业）
