中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(11)：1591-1603,13.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170280
稻虾共作对秸秆还田后稻田温室气体排放的影响
Effect of rice-crayfish co-culture on greenhouse gases emission in straw-puddled paddy fields
摘要
Abstract
Traditional agricultural systems are currently faced with the challenge of insufficient food production and reducing the negative effects of crop cultivation and population growth on the environment. One effective way to meet this challenge is the crop and animal co-culture in the paddy fields in South China. Rice-crayfish co-culture is the main component of such way, which has distinctive characteristics of deep waterlogging in off-rice season, total or partial direct straw return to fields, cray-fish breeding in the whole year and strong crayfish burrowing, rapid planting area and high economic benefits. While the bur-rowing behavior of crayfish increases water-soil surface area, deep water management increases total dissolves oxygen and concurrently weakened methane transmission via bubbling. Although all the above measures theoretically reduce methane emission in paddy fields, the potential effect on global warming of rice-crayfish co-culture systems is not entirely clear. This study involved three treatments― waterlogging in off-rice season (W), waterlogging in off-rice season with straw return (WS) and waterlogging in off-rice season with straw return and crayfish (WSC). The aim was to investigate the characteristics of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions under different treatments and to provide data support for accurate assessment of paddy greenhouse gas emission. The results showed that the cumulative CH4 emissions were re-spectively (10.0±1.2) g?m-2, (9.2±2.8) g?m-2 and (12.7±1.2) g?m-2 under W, WSC and WS in 2015 and (28.5±5.2) g?m-2, (26.8±2.1) g?m-2 and (45.6±3.3) g?m-2 under W, WSC and WS in 2016. Compare with W, cumulative CH4 emission under WS increased by 27.23% and 60.08% respectively in 2015 and 2016. Compared with WS, WSC decreased cumulative CH4 emission respectively by 29.02% and 41.19% in 2015 and 2016. Cumulative CO2 emission significantly increased under WS, compare with W in both years. There was only a slight effect on cumulative N2O emission of WS and WSC compared with W. Rice yield was 8.81 t?hm-2 under WSC treatment and not different between W and WS treatments. Global warming potential (GWP) of WS significantly increased compare with W, and this increase was suppressed by WSC due to decreasing CH4 emission. Then compared with WS, WSC treatment significantly decreased greenhouse gas intensity. There were no significant differences in soil dissolved organic carbon, acetic acid, NH4+-N and NO3--N contents among W, WS and WSC. Compare with W and WS, WSC considerably increased rice-crayfish co-culture benefits per unit area with less greenhouse gases emission.关键词
稻虾共作/秸秆还田/甲烷/氧化亚氮/温室气体Key words
Rice-crayfish co-culture/Straw return/Methane/Nitrous oxide/Greenhouse gas分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
徐祥玉,张敏敏,彭成林,佀国涵,周剑雄,谢媛圆,袁家富..稻虾共作对秸秆还田后稻田温室气体排放的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(11):1591-1603,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(41301306)、湖北省农业科学院竞争性项目(2016jzxjh008)、湖北省农业科技创新项目(2016-620-000-001-020)、国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD07B10)和湖北省农业科学院重大研发成果培育专项项目(2017CGPY01)资助 This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41301306), the Competitive Project of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2016jzxjh008),theHubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project (2016-620-000-001-020), the Na-tional Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2013BAD07B10) and the Scientific and Technological Achievements Cultivation Project of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2017CGPY01). （41301306）
