新疆农业科学2017，Vol.54Issue(8)：1422-1428,7.DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.006
不同施氮量对棉花产量、养分吸收分配及利用的影响
Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates on Cotton Yield,Nutrient Uptake, Distribution and Utilization
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] Under mulch drip irrigation,the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on cotton yield,nutrient absorption,distribution and utilization were studied in order to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable nitrogen application of cotton in Xinjiang.[Method] The field experiment was carried out by using local major cotton varieties (Zhong mian 297-5) at the experiment station at production brigade 5 of Binghu village,Manasi County of Xinjiang.The experiment included four treatments with four different nitrogen levels (0,90,180,270 kg/hm2).Plant samples at seedling stage,bud stage,flowering stage,boll bearing stage and they were divided into different organs such as stem,leaf,flower bud,shell,floc and seeds to measure the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,respectively.Based on these data,the nutrient uptake,distribution,characteristics of nitrogen utilization,yield and economic benefit were calculated.[Resuit] Data showed that when the amounts of applied N were ranged from 0 kg/hm2 to 180 kg/hm2,the cotton yield and economic benefit increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer,and decreased when the amount of applied N was over N 180 kg/hm2.According to the price of cotton and nitrogen fertilizer in the year,the optimum economic nitrogen fertilizer amount and maximum yield nitrogen fertilizer amount 143 kg/hm2 and 159 kg/hm2 were obtained and the corresponding yields were 1,634 kg/hm2 and 1,637 kg/hm2.Compared with the highest yield of nitrogen fertilizer,the best economical nitrogen to ensure cotton yield without decreasing conditions (the highest yield 99％-100％),nitrogen fertilizer can be saved by 10.1％.Applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the main growth stages of cotton.Nitrogen levels in the 0-180 kg/hm2 range,cotton,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium uptake and later allocation in the reproductive organs increased with increasing nitrogen application rates.The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and the distribution of later organs in reproductive organs.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is consistent with the cotton nutrient absorption and distribution trend,and,180 kg/hm2 treatment produced the highest result.[Conclusion] Considering the comprehensive yield,economic benefit,nutrient uptake,distribution and utilization,the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer for middle fertility cotton fields in Manasi County of Xinjiang is 143 kg/hm2.关键词
棉花/施氮水平/产量/养分吸收/氮肥利用率Key words
cotton/nitrogen level/yield/nutrient uptake/nitrogen utilization分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
哈丽哈什·依巴提,张炎,李青军,胡伟,胡国智..不同施氮量对棉花产量、养分吸收分配及利用的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(8):1422-1428,7.基金项目
新疆科技支撑计划项目“棉花氮营养信息采集、诊断与调控技术研究与应用”(201531117) （201531117）
国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0200102) （2016YFD0200102）
农业部948项目“棉花氮营养时空诊断与调控技术引进应用”(2014-Z59) （2014-Z59）
农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金(APF2015035)Key Technology R&D Program of Xinjiang "Research and application of nitrogen nutrition information collection,diagnosis and regulation technology of cotton" (201531117) （APF2015035）
National Key R&D Program(2016YFD0200102) （2016YFD0200102）
Ministry of Agriculture "948" Project " Introduction and Application of Spatio Temporal Diagnosis and Regulation Techniques of Nitrogen Nutrition in Cotton" (2014-Z59) （2014-Z59）
Opening Fund of Plant nutrition and Fertilizer of Ministry of Agriculture(APF2015035) （APF2015035）
