中国水产科学2017，Vol.24Issue(6)：1307-1314,8.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1118.2017.17153
三峡消落区鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类的鉴定及分布
Identification and distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the wa-ter-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir
摘要
Abstract
Three Gorges Dam is a vital project in the development and harnessing of the Yangtze River. Water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, which refers to the area along the Three Gorges Reservoir banks bounded by minimum (145 m) and maximum (175 m) water levels of the Three Gorges Reservoir, has provoked a series of ecological problems, which included soil erosion, reduction in ecosystem types, decrease in biodiversity and so on. However, effect of water level fluctuating on fish of early life history stages in the water-level fluctua-tion zone was not yet reported. In this study, the research area was between 150 km and 330 km from Three Gorges Dam, where fish eggs and larvae, exposed to water or remained in shallows, were collected. Based on dis-tribution of sampling places, the research area was divided into 8 regions, which were mainstream (down), Meixi River, mainstream (middle), Shilu River, Modaoxi River, Tangxi River, mainstream (up), and Pengxi River. Ac-cording to sampling time and place, and morphological characters of fish eggs and larvae, 132 samples were pre-served, including 1735 fish eggs and 150 larvae. Twenty-four samples were collected in mainstream. But only one sample in respective mainstream (middle) and mainstream (down) included respective one and nine larvae, in which no fish egg was found. In Modaoxi River, a tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir, there were the most sam-ples in this study, and 59 samples were collected including 733 fish eggs and 108 larvae. Due to insufficient mor-phological diagnostic characters in kraurotic fish eggs and larvae, it is easy to misidentify in the genus or species level. So, this study was employed DNA barcoding technology to identify the samples. DNA barcoding technology could be used as a rapid tool to distinguish morphologically similar species, and survey many uncertain species and species composition. Previous researches have shown that only molecular identification could guarantee iden-tification of fish eggs and larvae to the species level. Through mtCO I sequence alignment, and based on mtCO I sequences similarity values (species: >99%, genus: 92%-99%, family: 85%-92%), the samples were distinguished to 14 types, of which 10 types were identified to species: Cyprinuscarpio, Carassiusauratus, Hemiculterleuciscu-lus, Rhinogobius nagoyae, Rhinogobius giurinus, Opsariichthysbidens, Acheilognathusmacropterus, Pseudoras-boraparva, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Silurusasotus; three types were identified to genus: Rhinogobius, Rhodeus, and Neocaridina; and one type mtCOI sequence was the same with Rhodeusocellatus and Rhodeus sinensis. If fish DNA barcode database of Yangtze River or Three Gorges Reservoir could be completely and ac-curately constructed, and new molecular markers could be developed for fishes that can be not distinguished by mtCO I barcode, it would help to further identify fish eggs and larvae in the water-level fluctuation zone and in-vestigate fish resources of the Yangtze River. Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus had the largest proportion in the samples, 50.0% and 24.6% respectively, and widely distributed. The number and species of samples in up-stream of mainstream was more than downstream in the research area. It may be not only related to its topography, and also its fish resources. In Modaoxi River, the number and species of samples was the most in this research area, which contained nine fish species. The result showed that it was more affected from the water level fluctuating, at the same time, it also indicated that fish resource were rich in Modaoxi River, which should be got more attention in the future fish resources investigation and protection in Three Gorges Reservoir. This study employed DNA barcoding technology to identify fish eggs and larvae collected in partial water-level fluctuation zone, which would contribute to comprehensively assessing the effect of water level fluctuating on fish resources in water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir.关键词
三峡消落区/DNA条形码/mtCOI/鱼卵/仔稚鱼/分布特征Key words
water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir/DNA barcoding/mtCO I/fish eggs/fish lar-vae/distribution characteristics分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
阮瑞,张燕,沈子伟,李燕,但言,李创举,倪朝辉..三峡消落区鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类的鉴定及分布[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(6):1307-1314,8.基金项目
农业部长江流域渔政管理办公室"三峡水库消落对消落区鱼类产卵孵化的影响调查与损失评估"项目. （）
