中国水稻科学2017，Vol.31Issue(6)：599-610,12.DOI:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7019
不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用特征的影响
Effects of Mechanical-transplanted Modes and Density on Root Growth and Characteristics of Nitrogen Utilization in Hybrid Rice at Different Seedling-ages
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Mechanical transplanting is the main development direction of the rice planting in China, and it has important significance for increasing rice yield, nitrogen (N) use efficiency and accelerating integration of high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of rice mechanization by researching the effects of mechanical-transplanted modes and density on root growth and characteristics of N utilization in hybrid rice at different seedling-ages. [Method]A split plot design was used with the super hybrid rice F you 498 as material to analyze the effects of six mechanical-transplanted modes and density combined treatments of "bowl mechanical-transplanting with high density, bowl mechanical-transplanting with middle density, bowl mechanical-transplanting with low density, carpet mechanical-transplanting with high density carpet mechanical-transplanting with middle density, and carpet mechanical-transplanting with low density" on characteristics of N utilization, root growth, and to recover the relationship between root growth with N utilization and yield at different seedling-ages. [Result]The N uptake of main growth period, N accumulation at growth and development stage, N absorption rate, N translocation amount of stem and leaf from full-heading to maturity, N increase in panicle, N partial factor productivity and root dry weight after jointing stage, and yield of 25-day-old seedlings have an obvious advantage over that of 40-day-old seedlings. Compared with carpet mechanical-transplanting, the bowl mechanical-transplanting can improve the root growth at different growth stages, enhance N accumulation and uptake rate, increase the amount of N translocation to various organs during grain filling stage, so as to increase the grain yield. Especially the best treatment, the bowl mechanical-transplanting with a plant spacing of 15.5 and 25-day-old seedlings has obvious advantages than other treatments. And carpet mechanical-transplanting can also help get a higher yield with the plant spacing of 12 cm and 25-day-old seedlings, but the yield will be reduced when density decreased even though it improved the root to shoot ratio, transport rate of leaf and stem, but decreased N accumulation of each period, absorption rate, and the leaf and stem translocation amount during grain filling stage. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield and N uptake and utilization were significantly correlated with root dry weight of main growth period (r=0.47**~0.83**), but significantly negatively correlated with root-shoot-ratio of full-heading and maturity period (r=-0.52**~ -0.79**). [Conclusion]For root growth and N uptake and utilization characteristics, 25-day-old seedlings were better than 40-day-old seedlings and bowl mechanical-transplanting can optimize the relationship between individuals and population, but seedling density should be moderate, the most suitable spacing is 33 cm × 15.5 cm. It can promote the absorption and utilization of N and grain yield. Furthermore, the findings suggested that attention should be paid to the root growth from jointing stage and maturity stage, because of its significant effect on yield. The result laid a technical and practical basis for the high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology of bowl mechanical-transplanting.关键词
水稻/秧龄/机插方式/密度/氮/根系Key words
rice/seedling-age/mechanical-transplanting mode/density/nitrogen/root分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李应洪,孙永健,李玥,吕腾飞,蒋明金,严奉君,马均..不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用特征的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(6):599-610,12.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAD07B13) （2013BAD07B13）
四川省教育厅重点项目(16ZA0044) （16ZA0044）
农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(201303) （201303）
四川省科技支撑计划资助项目(2014NZ0041, 2014NZ0047). （2014NZ0041, 2014NZ0047）
