中国水稻科学2017，Vol.31Issue(6)：619-630,12.DOI:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7014
江苏省早熟晚粳高产水稻新品种氮素吸收利用特征及成因分析
Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Characteristics of the Newly Approved Early-Maturity Late japonica Rice Cultivars in Jiangsu Province
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To clarify the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and utilization in early-maturity late japonica rice cultivars, the grain yield components and their relationship with nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency were investigated in comparison to a control cultivar Ningjing 1.[Method]A field experiment was conducted in the Rice Research Institute of Jiangsu (Wujin) in 2012 and 2013 with eight newly released early-maturity late japonica rice cultivars in Jiangsu Province (namely Wuyunjing 29, Wuyunjing 23, Yangjing 4227, Tongjing 981, Changnongjing 7, Ningjing 3, Zhendao 16 and Nanjing 5055) as materials.[Results]The actual grain yield of the eight new cultivars surpassed the control by 7.87% on average, with four(Wuyunjing 29, Wuyunjing 23, Yang 4227, and Tongjing 981) increased significantly (P<0.01). The total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency at maturity in the eight new cultivars increased by 4.97% and 2.85%, respectively, compared to the control, which led to the improved grain yield. Further analysis revealed that the nitrogen content showed little variation among the new cultivars, while the dry matter production was significantly higher than that of the control. The nitrogen absorption before heading contributed about 80%-85% of the total in the whole growth duration. The nitrogen uptake at heading stage and heading-maturity period in the eight new cultivars were 1.35% and 25.94%, respectively, higher than that of the control. The panicle number showed limited contribution to the variation of total nitrogen uptake in the new cultivars, whereas the nitrogen uptake per panicle was 3.19% higher than that of the control. New cultivars had less than five days differences in the whole growth duration (life cycle), whereas the nitrogen uptake rate (average daily nitrogen absorption) of the new cultivars was 5.85% higher than that of the control. Correlation and path analysis revealed that larger dry matter production, daily nitrogen absorption rate, nitrogen absorption per panicle and amount of nitrogen uptake after heading contributed significantly to the higher total nitrogen absorption. In the new cultivars, the nitrogen percentage of the whole rice plants was generally higher. The nitrogen assimilated into and translocated to grains was higher in the new cultivars. All these characteristics contributed to higher total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen grain production efficiency. The nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen absorption percentage, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, and nitrogen partial production efficiency were higher in the new cultivars with more grain yield.[Conclusion]In short, the eight new cultivars from Southern Jiangsu Province had more nitrogen uptake and higher nitrogen utilization efficiency, and grain yield. Increasing total nitrogen uptake and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency were helpful in further raising the grain yield in rice production.关键词
早熟晚粳/高产/氮素吸收/氮素利用效率Key words
early-maturing late japonica rice cultivar/high yielding/nitrogen uptake/nitrogen utilization efficiency分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
吴越,姚友礼,王余龙,董桂春,胡静,陈琛,张家星,李万元,唐东南,仲军,羊彬,朱正康..江苏省早熟晚粳高产水稻新品种氮素吸收利用特征及成因分析[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(6):619-630,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31261140364,31571608) （31261140364,31571608）
江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究资助项目(15KJA210003). （15KJA210003）
