果树学报2017，Vol.34Issue(12)：1610-1623,14.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20170105
生草影响果树生长发育及果园环境的研究进展
Research progress about the effect of sod-culture on the growth and development of fruit and orchard environment
摘要
Abstract
Sod-culture is a modernized orchard management pattern which is being popularized domestic and overseas,and as an orchard cultivation measure sod-culture may promote the fruit growth and development.In this paper,the effects of sod-culture on the growth and development of fruit were summarized from the perspectives of root development,fruit development and arbuscular mycorrhiza formation of fruit.Research progress about the orchard environment of sod-culture was also analyzed from the viewpoints of soil biotic factors,abiotic factors and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization.The effects of sod-culture on the growth and development of fruit are as follows:promote arbuscular mycorrhiza formation,growth and development,and increase the infection rate,which is beneficial to enhance the root absorption ability of fruit;improve the stress resistance of fruit,in general,to improve fruit quality,is conducive to plant protection of orchard and fruit green production.The effect of sod-culture on the orchard environment is as follows:improve soil organic matter content,meanwhile,improve the physicochemical properties of soil.Sod-culture could also promote the activities of the soil microbial and enzymatic,thus improve the soil fertility.The grass roots played an important part to improve the soil structure,include soil-reinforcement and moisture conservation.Sod-culture promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization that is more beneficial for improving the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in the rhizosphere soil of fruiter.Compared with clean cultivation,the vesicles,arbuscules and total colonization rate and spore density are higher in sod-culture soil,and the populations of rhizospheric microbes are higher.Sod-culture promote the growth of the soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,at the same time enhance the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi's ability to infect the root,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi hyphae stretch in the soil inside,when contact with the root,tend to infect the root,and through the bridge between the hypha,promotes the transfer of nutrients to the fruit.Grass of high infection rate promote the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil and arbuscular mycorrhiza,and promote root system to absorb moisture and phosphorus nutrition utilization,improve the fruit physiological metabolism,improve fruit quality.Grass can stimulate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization,increase the activity of soil phosphatase significantly,and stimulate the development of mycorrhiza,arbuscular mycorrhiza promote by the fruiter to grow.Secreted by the arbuscular mycorrhizaI fungi hypha and spore wall of specific glycoprotein Glomalin can prevent loss of the water and nutrient in the soil aggregate.Glomalin related soil protein can stabilize soil aggregate.Grass can stimulate soil hypha growth,significantly increase Glomalin related soil protein and soil organic carbon concentration.The seasonal and circadian rhythm fluctuation of soil temperature is minimized;and improve the orchard temperature and humidity.However,in insufficient water supplying orchard and particularly in the seedlings of fruit,and the water competition between the grass and the fruit could cause drought stress,thus restrained the vegetative growth and reduced the growth vigor.The prospect of this sod-culture was also looked forward,and the main purpose of this paper is to offer some references for the application and promotion of sod-culture in orchard.According to the research achievements that predecessors have obtained,we proposed some emphasis as follows:(1) According to the specific conditions of fruiter and orchard,choose the appropriate sod-culture model and grass species.The ideal herbaceous grass species should provide enough ground cover,shallow root,less water and fertilizer competitiveness,higher mycorrhizal infection rate and can promote fruiter root absorption function;(2) Selection of suitable sowing time,sowing depth and planting density:suitable sowing time can make the critical period of water for grass and fruiters stagger,so that the peak time of water and fertilizer demand to reduce the time;sowing depth of research significance and the selection of shallow grass species consistent,in the space staggered the overlap for water and fertilizer demand between grass and fruiter;the planting density will affect the strength of grass and fruit competition;(3) determine the age of grass:through the timely updating of grass to solve the grass after years of grass aging problem;(4) determine the clipping cycle and cutting the way:cutting can inhibit grass root function,reduce its absorption of water and fertilizer,and through the fruiter disk cover mowing to improve soil fertility.Unreasonable way of clipping may damage the soil structure,so different grass species should take different and appropriate management measures.关键词
果园/生草/生长发育/丛枝菌根/土壤性质Key words
Orchard/Sod-culture/Growth/Arbuscular mycorrhiza/Soil properties分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
焦润安,张舒涵,李毅,李朝周,王建平,焦健..生草影响果树生长发育及果园环境的研究进展[J].果树学报,2017,34(12):1610-1623,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(31660223) （31660223）
中央引导地方科技发展专项(陇南特色经济林生产群体结构调整与优化研究与示范) （陇南特色经济林生产群体结构调整与优化研究与示范）
