海洋科学2017，Vol.41Issue(8)：53-63,11.DOI:10.11759/hykx20170222001
美国滨海核电厂温排水混合区的设置及启示
Insights on the development of thermal discharge mixing zones from U.S. nuclear power plants in coastal regions
魏新渝 1张琨 1王韶伟 1徐海峰 1方圆 1杨端节1
作者信息
- 1. 环境保护部核与辐射安全中心, 北京 100082
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
In this study, we investigated U.S. acts, regulations, standards, and policies with respect to thermal dis-charge and mixing zones and their applications to U.S. nuclear power plants in coastal regions, which we then compared with current Chinese situations. We found that general requirements regarding thermal discharge are pro-vided by the U.S. Clean Water Act and the Code of Federal Regulations. The water quality standards for each state contain water quality criteria, mixing zone policies, and the requirements for the protection of aquatic biota. Water quality criteria include temperature limits (temperature increases and/or maximum temperatures) for various types of water. U.S. state mixing zone policies describe mixing zones in terms of location, maximum size, shape, and in-zone water quality. Individual mixing zones for specific discharges are defined on a case-by-case basis using the state mixing zone policies, and must ensure that the mixing zone size is minimized. Most thermal discharge mixing zones from U.S. nuclear power plants in coastal regions meet their respective mixing zone policies. For those un-able to meet the mixing zone standards, site specific studies are conducted to determine the impacts of the thermal discharges to ensure the projection and propagation of balanced, indigenous populations of shellfish, fish, and wild-life in and on the body of water into which the discharge occurs. In China, there are no regional differences in water quality criteria and there are no policies, implementation methods, or guidelines for mixing zones. Therefore, the U.S. development of methods and practical experiences for thermal discharge mixing zones can help in the devel-opment and optimization of strategies for the thermal discharge mixing zones of Chinese nuclear power plants, thereby reducing the impacts on aquatic biota.关键词
核电厂/温排水/混合区/水质标准/水生生物Key words
Nuclear power plant/Thermal discharge/Mixing zone/Water quality standard/Aquatic biota分类
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魏新渝,张琨,王韶伟,徐海峰,方圆,杨端节..美国滨海核电厂温排水混合区的设置及启示[J].海洋科学,2017,41(8):53-63,11.
