中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(12)：1752-1760,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170286
联合梯田农业文化遗产地景观特征与景观资源利用
Landscape characteristics and utilization in agro-cultural heritage systems in Lianhe Terrace
摘要
Abstract
Lianhe Terrace in Youxi County, Fujian Province is an important Agricultural Heritage System (AHS) that is over 1 300years old. Lianhe Terrace AHS consists of "forest-settlement-terrace-composite landscape" pattern established by the ancestors. Abundant landscape resources have been developed in this subtropical mountain area, including physiographic landscape, biologicallandscape, astronomical and climate landscape, relic landscape, architectural and engineering landscape, and folk-culture landscape.However, the stability mechanism of social, economic and natural compound ecosystems has failed to adapt to the requirements ofproductivity development with industrialization, and the landscape ecosystems have faced with threats of unsustainability. Analysisof landscape characteristics using the theory and methods of landscape ecology, study of the status of landscape resource utilization,and conservation strategies of landscape resources in Lianhe Terrace AHS were conducted in this study. Results showed that: 1) Forestland and farmland were the dominant landscape types, accounting respectively for 67.93% and 20.40% of the total landscape area.Landscape fragmentation and number of forest patches were relatively low, 0.05 and 83, respectively. This suggested that forest coverwas high with a relatively concentrated distribution. The largest number of patches (1 369), patch density (13.27 patches?km-2), edgedensity (89.91 m?hm-2), landscape fragmentation (0.75) and landscape shape index (50.85) in farmland indicated fragmentation,diversification and complex boundary conditions in the region. 2) The vertical distribution of landscape patterns in the key protectedareas of Lianhe Terrace AHS was "forest-settlement-terrace-composite landscape" pattern. The sets of virtuous ecological systems andtypical regional traits were well established. This landscape pattern functioned at optimum yield, livability, soil and water conservationand aesthetic. 3) Abundant resources (including natural and cultural landscape resources) were developed in Lianhe Terrace AHS. However,some terraced fields were abandoned due to youth labor emigration in search for work elsewhere. This led to terraced field collapse,canal jam, and both water and soil erosion. Furthermore, some landscapes were destroyed by natural or artificial factors such as historicsites of ancient pottery piece (more than 3 000 years) and Shuiwei Bridge (the Southern Song Dynasty). In addition, some humanisticlandscape resources such as Min Opera, Temple Fair of Fuhu Rock and Lantern Festival lacked further utilization. That led to a viciouscircle of idle landscape resource, poverty, population loss, destruction of landscape ecology, and landscape resource disappearance. 4)The unstable mechanism of the vicious cycle was reversible through reasonable exploitation of landscape resources. Several strategieswere proposed, including damaged forestland restoration, establishment of corresponding compensation mechanisms, development ofeco-agriculture, secondary industry, agrocultural heritage tourism and ecological tourism. It all aimed at establishing a sustainable ecosystemof terraced artificial ecosystems and the integration of protection of terraced ecological landscapes and utilization of landscaperesources. This will benefit the rehabilitation of terraced landscapes and agricultural cultural heritage.关键词
农业文化遗产/联合梯田/景观格局/景观资源/景观生态/景观保护Key words
Agricultural heritage/Lianhe terrace/Landscape pattern/Landscape resource/Landscape ecology/Landscape reservation分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
胡伟芳,张永勋,王维奇,闵庆文,章文龙,曾从盛..联合梯田农业文化遗产地景观特征与景观资源利用[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1752-1760,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(41571287, 31000209)、福建省尤溪县人民政府委托项目"全球重要农业文化遗产申报书"和福建师范大学校级创新团队项目(IRTL1205)资助 This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571287, 31000209), the Funds for Globally Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Declaration by Youxi County of Fujian Province, and the Program for Innovative Research Teams of Fujian Normal University (IRTL1205). （41571287, 31000209）
