中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(12)：1770-1778,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170451
秸秆颗粒还田对土壤养分和冬小麦产量的影响
Effect of granulated straw incorporation on soil nutrient and grain yield of winter wheat
摘要
Abstract
To clarify the feasibility of incorporation of granulated straw into soil in Huang-Huai-Hai region, a micro-plot field experiment was conducted in winter wheat/summer maize rotation cropping system at Dezhou Agricultural Research Academy of Shandong Province. The effects of granulated straw incorporation on soil nutrients contents, wheat growth and yield com-ponents were investigated. A total of three treatments were included in the experiment ― no straw incorporation (CK), con-ventional chopped straw incorporation into the 0–15 cm soil layer (CCSI) and granulated straw incorporation into the 0–15 cm soil layer (GSI). All the treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The indexes deter-mined during the winter wheat season included wheat tiller number, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, dry matter accumulation and its contribution to yield, and soil nutrients contents, and wheat yield after harvest. The results showed that compared with CK, CCSI and GSI treatments had significantly higher soil nutrients contents. The contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus under GSI treatment were higher than those under CCSI treatment by 8.54%, 6.12% and 6.25%, respectively. GSI treatment also improved seedling emergence and increased tiller number. The number of basic seedlings under GSI treatment increased by 1.63% and 19.39%, tiller number increased by 3.16%–13.23% and 11.28%–16.64%, fertile tillers rate increased by 9.88% and 4.92%, and spike number increased by 13.23% and 16.64% over those of CK and CCSI treatments, respectively. Meanwhile, GSI treatment delayed leaf senescence and increased leaf area index at filling stage by 21.79% and 16.97%, increased chlorophyll content by 7.56%–47.24% and 0.53%–12.88%, increased net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf at grain-filling stage by 15.76% and 3.33%, respectively, over those of CK and CCSI treatments. Improvement in leaf photosynthetic characteristics contributed to the increase in aboveground dry matter produc-tion and translocation from vegetative organs to grain. Compared with CK and CCSI treatments, GSI treatment increased aboveground biomass at flowering stage by 17.09% and 6.33%, aboveground biomass at maturity stage by 18.91% and 9.85%, translocation of accumulated dry matter after flowering stage to grain-filling stage by 19.65% and 14.75%, respectively. Fi-nally, GSI treatment had the highest grain yield, which was 9.69% and 10.71% higher than those under CK and CCSI treat-ments. Further analysis showed that grain yield had no significant correlation with kernel number per spike and thou-sand-kernel weight, but it had significant positive correlation with effective spike number. This indicated that spike amount was the main reason for the grain yield increasing. Therefore, the granulated straw incorporation was an effective option for straw return to the soil in agricultural production in Huang-Huai-Hai region.关键词
秸秆颗粒还田/土壤养分/冬小麦/茎蘖数/干物质积累/产量Key words
Granulated straw incorporation/Soil nutrient content/Winter wheat/Tiller number/Dry matter accumulation/Grain yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张莉,王婧,逄焕成,张珺穜,郭建军,董国豪,丛萍..秸秆颗粒还田对土壤养分和冬小麦产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1770-1778,9.基金项目
公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303130)、国家自然科学青年基金项目(41501314)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IARRP-2014-12)资助 This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201303130), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41501314), and the Special Fund for Basal Research of Research Institutes in the Federal-Level Public Interest of China (IARRP-2014-12). （农业）
