中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(12)：1792-1801,10.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170484
播栽方式与施氮量对杂交籼稻氮肥利用特征及产量的影响
Characteristics of nitrogen accumulation and utilization in indica hybrid rice under different planting methods and nitrogen rates
摘要
Abstract
There has been remarkable transition in rice planting methods in recent years, including mechanical transplanting and direct seeding. Different planting methods inevitably have different effects on rice growth and development. However, rice growth, nutrient accumulation, heat and light utilization are different under different planting methods. Nitrogen application has been one of the most common field management practices in rice cultivation. Thus a field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of nitrogen accumulation and utilization in indica hybrid rice under different planting methods and nitrogen rates. A two-factor split-plot designed field experiment was conducted using indica hybrid rice 'F-you-498', a widely planted cultivar in Sichuan Basin. The main plot had three planting methods, including mechanical transplanting (T1), preci-sion hill direct seeding (T2) and manual planting (T3), the subplot was nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate, including 0 kg?hm-2(N0), 90 kg?hm-2(N1), 135 kg?hm-2(N2) and 180 kg?hm-2(N3). Nitrogen accumulation and transfer, yield and yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency under different treatments of the indica hybrid rice were analyzed. The study showed that nitrogen accumulation, transfer, yield and yield components of rice were significantly affected by planting method and N rate. In dif-ferent planting methods, total nitrogen accumulation at heading and maturity stages was in the order of T3> T1> T2. Nitrogen accumulation rate under T2was significantly higher than that under T1and T3from sowing to jointing stage and from heading to maturity stage. However, nitrogen accumulation rate was in the order of T3> T1> T2at jointing to heading stage. Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen harvest index were in the order of T3> T1> T2. The results showed that the order of nitro-gen requirement for 100 kg grains was T2> T3> T1. Grain yield under manual transplanting was significantly higher than that under precision hill direct seeding, but not significantly different from that of mechanical transplanting. Nitrogen accumulation of total plant and panicle increased significantly with increasing nitrogen fertilization rate. However, leaf nitrogen contribution to panicle decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilization rate. Planting method and nitrogen application rate significantly influenced nitrogen use efficiency. Rice agronomic efficiency of nitrogen under mechanical transplanting increased with in-creasing nitrogen fertilization rate, although the increase was insignificant. However, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen under precision hill direct seeding and manual transplanting decreased with increasing nitrogen application. With increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate, the nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency under manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting first increasing then decreasing, while that under precision hill direct seeding gradually decreased. Nitrogen grain production efficiency and nitrogen harvest index decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilization rate, and there was no significant difference among nitrogen fertilizer treatments. In combination with grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer rate of 135 kg?hm-2under precision hill direct seeding, and 135-180 kg?hm-2under mechanical transplanting and artificial transplanting not only achieved stable rice yield, but also had high nitrogen use efficiency.关键词
水稻/精量穴直播/机插/施氮量/氮素积累和转运/氮素利用率Key words
Rice/Precision hill direct seeding/Mechanical transplanting/Nitrogen application rate/Nitrogen accumulation and transfer/Nitrogen use efficiency分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王春雨,余华清,何艳,郭长春,张绍文,杨志远,马均..播栽方式与施氮量对杂交籼稻氮肥利用特征及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1792-1801,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0300506)、国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B13)、四川省教育厅重点项目(16ZA0044)和四川省学术和技术带头人培养支持经费资助 This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFD0300506), the National Key Technolo-gies R&D Program of China (2013BAD07B13), the Key Project of Science of Sichuan Province Education Department (16ZA0044) and the Academic and Technological Leaders in Sichuan. （2016YFD0300506）
