中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(12)：1823-1831,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170800
秸秆还田替代化学钾肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地春玉米产量及土壤钾素的影响
Spring maize yield and soil potassium balance under replacement of potassium with straw in karst peak-cluster depression
摘要
Abstract
Based on a long-term experiment on maize-soybean relay intercropping system in Huanjiang Observation and Re-search Station for Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the effects of straw in place of chemical potassium on spring maize yield and soil potassium (K) balance were investigated, aiming to provide scientific basis for the rational use of straw and fertilizer in karst peak-cluster depression. The experiment was started in 2006, and the data were collected during 2010-2014. Four treatments with four repetitions were set in this study, including CK (no fertilizer), NPK (chemical fertilizer), C7S3 (30% K from straws and 70% K from chemical fertilizer), C4S6 (60% K from straws and 40% from the chemical fertil-izer). The results showed that: 1) the annual yields of spring maize in fertilization treatments from 2010 to 2014 were 4.12-4.17 times that in CK treatment. The spring maize yields in C7S3 and C4S6 were 98.3% and 98.7% of that in NPK, re-spectively. The yields of grain and straw increased with time under fertilization treatments. 2) Compared with CK, fertilization treatments significantly increased K amount in maize straw, with 2.21-2.53 times that in CK. N, P and K absorption amounts in maize grain under fertilization treatments significantly increased (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference among fertilizer treatments (P > 0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in recovery efficiency, absorption efficiency, agro-nomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of K among treatments of NPK, C7S3 and C4S6. 4) The annual surplus amount of K in NPK treatment was 3.00 kg·hm-2, which was significantly higher than that in C7S3 (-1.90 kg·hm-2). The most annual surplus amount of K was in C4S6, 8.22 kg·hm-2, with the surplus rate of 7.4%. 5) Compared to the beginning of the experiment in 2006, soil rapidly available K declined by 15.9% in 2014. The fertilization treatments significantly increased amount of soil rapidly available K (P < 0.01). The order of annual increase of soil rapidly available K from 2010 to 2014 in fertilization treatments were NPK > C7S3 > C4S6, but no significant difference among treatments was observed (P > 0.05). 6) After 8 years of cultivation, soil slowly available K declined by 10.9% and 4.9% in CK and C4S6, while increased by 1.3% and 22.4% in NPK and C7S3, respectively. Overall, the straw returning to replace some K fertilizer was suitable for the soil in karst peak-cluster depression, which not only maintained the yield of spring maize, but also sustained soil K dynamic balance. And 60% of the straw K substitution was more suitable for sustaining K balance, while 30% of the straw K substitution was more beneficial to improve soil slowly available potassium.关键词
喀斯特峰丛洼地/秸秆还田/春玉米/替代效应/钾素平衡/产量Key words
Karst peak-cluster depression/Straw returning/Spring maize/Substitution effect/Potassium balance/Yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
傅伟,刘坤平,陈洪松,陈香碧,林海飞,张伟,王克林..秸秆还田替代化学钾肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地春玉米产量及土壤钾素的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1823-1831,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502406, 2016YFD0200106-5)、中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)项目(KFJ-EW-STS-092)和国家生态系统观测研究网络运行服务项目——环江站观测研究及数据信息系统建设Ⅱ资助 This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFC0502406, 2016YFD0200106-5), the Sci-ence and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-EW-STS-092) and the Service Sharing of Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network “Observation, Research and Construction of Data Information System in HuanjiangⅡ”. （2016YFC0502406, 2016YFD0200106-5）
