土壤学报2017，Vol.54Issue(6)：1357-1368,12.DOI:10.11766/trxb201705270151
模拟降雨条件下弃渣体边坡不同防护措施的减水减沙效益
Study on Runoff and Sediment Reducing Effects of Erosion Control Measures on Slopes of Slag Dumps with Simulated Rainfall
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The ecological and environmental problems caused by mining,especially coal mining,have aroused worldwide concerns and attention. It is,therefore,essential to explore rapid and effective ways to rehabilitate the ecological systems in the mining areas.[Method]Outdoor simulation of rainfall events was conducted with rainfall intensity controlled at 1.0 mm min-1 or 1.5 mm min-1 on slopes, different in texture,1)earthy slope(more soil than rock);2)rocky slope(more rock than soil):and 3)slope of gangue,to evaluate effects of the erosion control measures,planting grass and digging fish-scale pit. The two years old grass ofAgropyron was formerly planted in the farmlands around the mining and transplanted on the slopes and the fish-scale pits dug temporarily. The rainfall simulator was a trough-type artificial simulator. When the nozzle is 3 m above the ground,the raindrops may reach the end point speed. Plots of the artificial slopes were 3 m×1 each in area and 35° in slope gradient. Before the start of the experiment,rainfall was calibrated in intensity until it reached 85% or higher in uniformity coefficient. During the rainfall events,runoff flow velocity was measured with the dye tracing method. During the first 3 minutes of rainfall,samples of runoff and sediment were gathered every minute,and after that once every 3 minutes. Sediment samples were oven-dried for weighing.[Result](1)Runoff leveled off in rate in 6minutes after the initiation of runoff on all the three types of slopes,regardless of type of control measure. The erosion rate on the slope of gangue tended to fluctuate,while declining and the trend was more obvious than those on the protected slopes.(2)Planting grass reduced runoff by 42.91%~51.21%,26.28%~55.20% and 10.33% and sediment by 97.54%~97.95%,41.87%~42.26% and7.80%,respectively,on earthy slopes,rocky slopes and slopes of gangue,while digging fish-scale pits did by 51.89%~72.72%,22.37%~42.92% and 21.32% and by 98.41%~99.30%,94.90%~91.84% and 39.50%,respectively.(3)On earthy slopes,digging fish-scale pits was 8.98%~21.51% and 0.46%~1.76%,respectively,higher in runoff and sediment reduction rate than planting grass,while on rocky slopesand slopes of gangue,planting grass was 3.91%~12.28% and 0.28%~3.06% higher and 10.99% and 31.70% higher,respectively.(4)On all the three types of slopes without protection measures taken,linear relationships(R2 = 0.775,p<0.01;R2 = 0.649,p<0.01;R2 =0.450,p<0.05)were found between erosion rate and runoff rate,but they were weakened or fading out altered when the protection measures were taken.[Conclusion]All findings in this study may serve as scientific basis in guiding ecological restoration of slopes of gangue in the mining area.关键词
神府煤田/弃渣体/鱼鳞坑/植被措施/径流率/侵蚀速率Key words
Shenfu coalfield/Mining slags/Fish-scale pit/Grass planting/Runoff rate/Erosion rate分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杨波,王文龙,郭明明,康宏亮,白芸,李建明..模拟降雨条件下弃渣体边坡不同防护措施的减水减沙效益[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1357-1368,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(YS2016YFSF030019)和国家自然科学基金项目(40771127)资助 Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.YS2016YFSF030019)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40771127) （YS2016YFSF030019）
