中国农业科学2017，Vol.50Issue(20)：3885-3897,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.20.005
减氮适墒对冬小麦土壤硝态氮分布和氮素吸收利用的影响
Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing and Suitable Soil Moisture on Nitrate Nitrogen Distribution in Soil, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Winter Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of reduced nitrogen(N) application under different soil moisture on the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) distribution in soil, N absorption, use efficiency in plant and grain yield of winter wheat. This study will provide a scientific basis for rational N application in Huang-Huai plain.[Method]To determine NO3-N content in different soil layers of 0-100 cm soil depth, N accumulation, N translocation amount and grain yield of winter wheat, we established a split-plot experiment for two consecutive years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) in field, i.e. three levels of soil moisture, water deficits to no irrigation (W1), water-saving irrigation to 70%±5% of soil relative moisture after jointing stage (W2) and adequate irrigation to 80%±5% of soil relative moisture after jointing stage (W3); three levels of nitrogen: 0 (N1), 195 kg·hm-2 (N2) and 270 kg·hm-2 (N3).[Result]The content of NO3-N in 0-60 cm soil layer decreased with the layer's deepening, and soil water content and N application input amount increased; whereas the NO3-N content in 60-100 cm soil layers increased, especially under W3 treatment. Besides, soil NO3-N content of 80-100 cm soil layer at N2 and N3 under high supplemental irrigation condition (W3) increased by 3.8 mg·kg-1 and 4.2 mg·kg-1, respectively, compared with that under no irrigation (W1). N2 treatment had higher NO3-N content of 0-20 cm soil layer at anthesis, increased by 2.2 mg·kg-1 than that at maturity; whereas there was more NO3-N residue under high N application (N3) at post-harvest. The results also showed that N translocation amount in vegetative organs ordered by leaf > stem> sheath. In addition, W2 with N2 treatment had the largest N accumulation amount in plant at anthesis, pre-antheis N translocation amount (N accumulation in vegetative organs at anthesis minus the N accumulation in vegetative organs at maturity, NTA) and the contribution of N remobilized to grain (NTA/ N accumulation in vegetative organs at maturity stage, NRC) from vegetative organs after anthesis. Similarly, the grain yield and N accumulation amount in grain under W2 with N2 treatment were 15.4% and 27.3% higher than that at other treatments, respectively. Those increases would improve N uptake efficiency and N fertilizer productive efficiency under W2 with N2 treatment (P<0.05).[Conclusion]Considering the yield, N uptake efficiency, N fertilizer productive efficiency and soil nitrogen balance, reducing N application from 270 to 195 kg·hm-2 under suitable soil moisture (water-saving) is optimal in Huang-Huai Rivers Valley wheat region.关键词
冬小麦/减氮适墒/氮素吸收利用/硝态氮含量/产量Key words
winter wheat/nitrogen-reducing and suitable soil moisture/nitrogen absorption and utilization/nitrate nitrogen content/yield引用本文复制引用
张嫚,周苏玫,杨习文,周燕,杨蕊,张珂珂,贺德先,尹钧..减氮适墒对冬小麦土壤硝态氮分布和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(20):3885-3897,13.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划重大项目"粮食丰产科技工程"(2011BAD16B07、2013BAD07B07、2015BAD26B01) （2011BAD16B07、2013BAD07B07、2015BAD26B01）
